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New data on the microvertebrate fauna from the Upper Jurassic or lowest Cretaceous of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2019

Maxime Lasseron Open the ORCID record for Maxime Lasseron [Opens in a new window] ,
Ronan Allain ,
Emmanuel Gheerbrant ,
Hamid Haddoumi ,
Nour-Eddine Jalil ,
Grégoire Métais ,
Jean-Claude Rage ,
Romain Vullo  and
Samir Zouhri
Maxime Lasseron*
Affiliation:
CR2P – Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, UMR 7207, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, CP38, 75005Paris, France
Ronan Allain
Affiliation:
CR2P – Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, UMR 7207, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, CP38, 75005Paris, France
Emmanuel Gheerbrant
Affiliation:
CR2P – Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, UMR 7207, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, CP38, 75005Paris, France
Hamid Haddoumi
Affiliation:
Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed 1er, BP 524, 60000Oujda, Morocco
Nour-Eddine Jalil
Affiliation:
CR2P – Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, UMR 7207, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, CP38, 75005Paris, France Département Sciences de la Terre, Évolution des vertébrés et Paléoenvironnements, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Avenue Abdelkrim Khattabi, BP 511, 40000Marrakech, Morocco
Grégoire Métais
Affiliation:
CR2P – Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, UMR 7207, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, CP38, 75005Paris, France
Jean-Claude Rage
Affiliation:
CR2P – Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, UMR 7207, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, CP38, 75005Paris, France
Romain Vullo
Affiliation:
UMR-CNRS 6118 Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042Rennes, France
Samir Zouhri
Affiliation:
Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Km 8, route de l’université, 20100Casablanca, Morocco
*
Author for correspondence: Maxime Lasseron, Email: maxime.lasseron@edu.mnhn.fr
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Abstract

The Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous period witnessed the emergence of some major representatives of modern continental vertebrate groups (stem lissamphibians, squamates, therian mammals and birds) and angiosperms, at a time when fragmentation of Pangaea was underway. The successive Moroccan microvertebrate faunas of Ksar Metlili (?Berriasian) and Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian) from the Anoual Syncline significantly improve our poor knowledge of Gondwanan and especially African palaeobiodiversity at this time. They are among the richest known from the Mesozoic of Gondwana, and are well placed in northwestern Africa to record faunal interchanges with Laurasia. Here we focus on the Ksar Metlili fauna, first documented in the 1980s and most recently resampled in 2010, which produced 24 541 microremains representing 47 species of 8 main groups (Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Sarcopterygii, Lissamphibia, Lepidosauromorpha, Testudinata, Archosauromorpha and Synapsida). It includes remarkable taxa: the oldest stem boreosphenidan mammals from Gondwana, probably some of the last non-mammaliaform cynodonts, a basal ornithischian, possibly freshwater teleosaurid crocodylomorphs, and some of the rare occurrences of choristoderes and albanerpetontids in Gondwana. Comparison of the Ksar Metlili fauna with that of Guimarota (Kimmeridgian, Portugal) further provides evidence of numerous shared taxa of Laurasian affinities, in contrast to the occurrence of few taxa with Gondwanan affinities. This suggests complex palaeobiogeographical relationships – implying both vicariance and dispersal events – of North Africa within Gondwana at the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. Finally, the faunal similarities with the Guelb el Ahmar fauna question the Cretaceous age of the Ksar Metlili fauna, suggesting an alternative possible Late Jurassic age.

Keywords

AfricaGondwanapalaeoecosystemsbiostratigraphypalaeobiogeographypalaeoecology
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Issue 3 , March 2020 , pp. 367 - 392
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019

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