Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T16:53:08.866Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biostratigraphical correlation of the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary: Lägerdorf–Hemmoor (northwestern Germany), DSDP Sites 548A, 549 and 551 (eastern North Atlantic) with palaeobiogeographical and palaeoceanographical implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Joachim Schönfeld  and
Jackie Burnett
Joachim Schönfeld
Affiliation:
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-3000 Hannover 51, Germany
Jackie Burnett
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A correlation of the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary is attempted using foraminiferal and nannoplankton data from two areas: the eastern North Atlantic and northwestern Germany. The Boreal benthic and Tethyan planktonic foraminiferal zonation schemes are applied to Site 548A, where both foraminiferal groups occur frequently. A direct comparison of both biozonations reveals that the base of the Maastrichtian, according to planktonic foraminifers, has to be placed in the Upper Campanian of the Boreal benthic foraminiferal biozonation, which concurs with the nannoplankton results. The Tethyan Middle and Upper Maastrichtian are probably equivalent to the Upper Maastrichtian in the Boreal sense. The bases of the Maastrichtian substages are thus diachronous between the Boreal and Tethyan realms. Palaeotemperatures (which were estimated using the oxygen isotopic composition of the Goban Spur chalks) indicate, in combination with palaeowind directions, that the faunal and floral distribution pattern recorded is the result of a stable, warm water outflow from the northwest European epicontinental seas through the Channel area to the Celtic Shelf sea and Goban Spur. This mechanism appears to have been a dominant separating factor of the Boreal and Tethyan bioprovinces on the western European Shelf.

Type
Research Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 128 , Issue 5 , September 1991 , pp. 479 - 503
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alcayde, G., Juignet, P. & Monciardini, C. (Coord.) 1980. Crétacé superieur. In Synthése Géologique du Bassin de Paris. Vol. I: Stratigraphie et Paléogéographie (eds Mègnien, C. and Mègnien, F.), pp. 289–325. Mémoire BRGM no. 101.Google Scholar
Bailey, H. W., Gale, A. S., Mortimore, R. N., Swiecicki, A. & Wood, C. J. 1984. Biostratigraphical criteria for the recognition of the Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the Chalk of north-west Europe, with particular reference to southern England. Bulletin of the Geological Society, Denmark 33, 31–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barr, F. T. 1966. The Foraminiferal Genus Bolivinoides from the upper Cretaceous of the British Isles. Palaeontology 9 (2), 220–43.Google Scholar
Barron, E. J. 1985. Numerical climate modelling, a frontier in petroleum source rock prediction: results based on Cretaceous simulations. Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists 69 (3), 448–59.Google Scholar
Bellier, J. P. & Monciardini, C. 1986. Présence en Champagne, de craies Sénoniennes riches en Foraminiféres planktoniques implications Biostratigraphiques, Paléoécologiques et Paleogeographiques. Bulletin Information Geologues Bassin de Paris 23 (2), 37–43.Google Scholar
Bellier, J. P. & Villain, J. M. 1975. Globotruncanidae de la série type due Maastrichtien (Limbourg méridional). Cahiers Micropaleontologie 1975–2, 1–14.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T. & Bromley, R. G. 1980. The Upper Cretaceous and Danian of NW Europe. In Upper Cretaceous and Danian of NW Europe (eds Birkelund, T. and Bromley, R. G.), pp. 5–30. Publication 26e Congress geologique international, Guide to excursion A-69; Paris.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T., Hancock, J. M., Hart, M. B., Rawson, P. F., Remane, J., Robaszynski, F., Schmid, F. & Surlyk, F. 1984. Cretaceous Stage Boundaries – Proposals. Bulletin Geological Society, Denmark 33, 3–20.Google Scholar
Bolli, H. 1951. The genus Globotruncana in Trinidad, B.W.I.; Notes on occurrene, nomenclature and relationships between species. Journal of Paleontology 25 (2), 187–99.Google Scholar
Brotzen, F. 1934. Foraminiferen aus dem Senon Palästinas. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Vereins Paldstina 57, 28–72.Google Scholar
Brotzen, F. 1945. De geologiska resultaten fran borringarna vid Höllviken. Preliminär rapport Del I: Kritan. Sveriges Geologisk Undersökelse, Ser. C, 465, 1–64.Google Scholar
Brotzen, F. 1948. The Swedish Palaeocene and its Foraminiferal Fauna. Sveriges Geologisk Undersökelse, Ser. C, 493, 1–140.Google Scholar
Bukry, D. 1969. Upper Cretaceous coccoliths from Texas and Europe. (Protista 2). University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 51: 116 pp.Google Scholar
Burnett, J. 1991. New nannofossil zonation scheme for the Boreal Campanian. International Nannoplankton Association Newsletter 12 (13), 67–70.Google Scholar
Butt, A. 1981. Depositional Environments of the Upper Cretaceous rocks in the northern part of the Eastern Alps. Cushman Foundation, Special Publication, 20, 5–121.Google Scholar
Cepek, P., Köthe, A., Weiss, W. & Wolfahrt, R. 1985. Palaeogeographical Evolution of the Atlantic Ocean during the Late Cretaceous. Geologisches Jahrbuch B62, 3–89.Google Scholar
Clauser, S. 1987. Evolution de la compositio isotopique de l'oxygene des carbonates durant le Campanien-Maastrichtien. Donnees preliminaires issues de la serie de Bidart (Pyrenees-Atlantiques). Compts rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris 304 (2/11), 579–84.Google Scholar
Cook, D. R. 1987. The Goban Spur – exploration in a deep-water frontier basin. In Petroleum Geology of North West Europe (eds Brooks, J. and Glennie, E.) pp. 623–32.Google Scholar
Crux, J. A., Hamilton, G. B., Lord, A. R. & Taylor, R. J. 1982. Tortolithus gen. nov. Crux and new combinations of Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils from England. International Nannoplankton Association Newsletter 4 (2), 98–101.Google Scholar
Cushman, J. A. 1925. Some new foraminifera from the Velasco Shale of Mexico. Contributions Cushman Laboratory of Foraminiferal Research 1 (1), 18–22.Google Scholar
Cushman, J. A. 1927. New and interesting Foraminifera from Mexico and Texas. Contributions Cushman Laboratory of Foraminiferal Research 3 (2), 11–117.Google Scholar
Cushman, J. A. 1931. The Foraminifera of the Saratoga Chalk. Journal of Palaeontology 5 (4), 297–315.Google Scholar
Cushman, J. A. 1938. Some New Species of Rotaliform Foraminifera from the American Cretaceous. Contributions Cushman Laboratory of Foraminiferal Research 14 (3), 66–71.Google Scholar
Dudley, W. C, Blackwelder, P., Brand, L. & Duplessy, J. -C. 1986. Stable isotopic composition of coccoliths. Marine Micropaleontology 10, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edgell, H. S. 1954. The Stratigraphical value of Bolivinoides in the Upper Cretaceous of Northwest Australia. Contributions Cushman Foundation of Foraminiferal Research 5 (2), 68–76.Google Scholar
Edwards, A. R. 1963. A preparation technique for calcareous nannoplankton. Micropaleontology 9 (1), 103–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egger, J. G. 1899. Foraminiferen und Ostrakoden aus den Kreidemergeln der Oberbayrischen Alpen. Abhandlungen der königlich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, II. CI., I. Abt, 21, 1–230.Google Scholar
Ehrmann, W. U. 1986. Zum Sedimenteintrag in das zentrale nordwesteuropäische Oberkreidemeer. Geologisches Jahrbuch A97, 3–139.Google Scholar
Ernst, G., Schmid, F. & Kischies, G. 1979. Multistratigraphische Untersuchungen in der Oberkreide des Raumes Braunschweig-Hannover. Aspekte der Kreide Europas, IUGS Series A, 6, 11–46.Google Scholar
Ernst, H. 1978. Zu Bathymetrie und Sedimentstrukturen der Schreibkreide von Lägerdorf/Holstein (Coniac-Santon): Eine quantitative Analyse der Foraminiferen-fauna. Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts der Universität Hamburg 48, 53–78.Google Scholar
Fletcher, T. P. 1977. Lithostratigraphy of the Chalk (Ulster White Limestone Formation) in Northern Ireland. Reports, Institute of Geological Sciences, 77/24: 1–33.Google Scholar
Graciansky, P. C. & Bourbon, M. 1985. The Goban Spur of the Northeast-Atlantic Margin during Late Cretaceous times. Initial Reports DSDP, 80, 863–83.Google Scholar
Graciansky, P. C. & Poag, C. W. 1985. Geologic History of Goban Spur, Northwest Europe Continental Margin. Initial Repts. DSDP 80, 1187–216.Google Scholar
Grzybowski, J. 1896. Otwornice czerwonych ilow z Wadowic. Rozprawy Akademii Umiejetnosci Wydzialu Matematyczno-Przyrodniczego, Krakowie Ser. II, 10, 261–308, pls viii-xi.Google Scholar
Hancock, J. M. 1989. Sea-level changes in the British region during Late Cretaceous. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 100 (4), 565–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, M. B. & Bailey, H. W. 1979. The distribution of planktonic Foraminiferida in the mid-Cretaceous of N.W. Europe. Aspekte der Kreide Europas, IUGS Series A, 6, 527–24.Google Scholar
Hart, M. B., Bailey, H. W., Crittenden, S., Fletcher, B. N., Price, R. J. & Swiecicki, A. 1989. Cretaceous. In Stratigraphical Atlas of Fossil Foraminifera (eds Jenkins, D. G. and Murray, J. W.), pp. 273–371.Google Scholar
Hermannikkk, E. von 1962. Zur Artfassung von Osangularien aus der Oberkreide (Foraminiferen). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie Paläontologie Abhandlungen 115 (3), 263–88.Google Scholar
Hitermann, H. & Koch, W. 1950: Taxionomie und Vertikalverbreitung von Bolivinoides Arten im Senon Nordwestdeutschlands. Geologisches Jahrbuch 64, 595–632.Google Scholar
Hiltermann, H. & Koch, W. 1955. Foraminiferen. In Biostratigraphie der Grenzschichten Maastricht/Campan in Lüneburg und der Bohrung Brunhilde (ed. Schmid, F.). Geologisches Jahrbuch 70, 339–84.Google Scholar
Hofker, J. 1956. Die Pseudotextularia-Zone der Bohrung Maasbüll I und ihre Foraminiferen-Fauna. Paläon-tologische Zeitschrift 30, 59–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jøorgensen, N. O. 1987. Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of Upper Cretaceous chalk from the Danish sub-basin and the North Sea Central Graben. Sedimentology 34, 559–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaever, M. 1961. Morphologie, Taxionomie und Bio-stratigraphie von Globorotalites and Conorotalites (Kreide-Foram.). Geologisches Jahrbuch 78, 387–438.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. J. 1984. Ammonite faunas and the ‘standard zones’ of the Cenomanian to Maastrichtian Stages in their type areas, with some proposals for the definition of the stage boundaries by ammonites. Bulletin Geological Society Denmark 33, 147–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, W. J. & Summesberger, H. 1987. Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Neuberg, Steiermark, Austria. Beiträge zur Paläontologie Österreichs 12, 181–242.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. J. & Suymmesberger, H. 1987. Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Nagoryany (Ukrainian SSR). Beiträge zur Paläontologie Österreichs 13, 25–78.Google Scholar
Klasz, J. De 1953. Einige neue oder wenige bekannte Foraminiferen aus der helvetischen Oberkreide der bayrischen Alpen südlich Traunstein (Oberbayern). Geologica Bavarica 17, 223–44.Google Scholar
Koch, W. 1975. Leit-Foraminiferen aus dem Maastricht von Hemmoor. In Lithostratigraphie und Biostratigraphie der feuerstein-fuhrenden Schreibkreide des Unter- und Obermaastricht von Hemmoor (Niederelbe); Exkursionsführer zur 45. Jahresversammlung der Palänontologischen Gesellschaft (Schmid, F.), p. A19; Hannover.Google Scholar
Koch, W. 1977. Biostratigraphie in der Oberkreide und Taxonomie von Foraminiferen. Geologisches Jahrbuch A38, 11–123.Google Scholar
Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. 1964. Protista 2: Sarcodina, chiefly ‘Thecamoebians’ and Foraminiferida. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, (ed. Moore, R.), C, 900 pp. Boulder: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Marie, P. 1941. Les Foraminiferes de la Craie a Belemnitella mucronata du Bassin de Paris. Memoire Musee National Histoire Naturelle, N.S., 12 (1), 1–296.Google Scholar
Marsson, T. F. 1878. Die Foraminiferen der weissen Schreibkreide de Insel Rügen. Mitteilungen des natur-wissenschaftlichen Vereins Neu-Vorpommern und Rügen 10, 115–96.Google Scholar
Martin, S. E. 1972. Reexamination of the Upper Cretaceous Planctonic Foraminiferal Genera Planoglobulina CUSHMAN and Ventilabrella CUSHMAN. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 2 (2), 73–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masson, D. G., Montadert, L. & Scrutton, R. A. 1985. Regional Geology of the Goban Spur Continental Margin. Initial Reports DSDP 80, 1115–36.Google Scholar
McCrea, J. M. 1950. The isotope chemistry of carbonates and a palaeotemperature scale. Journal of Chemical Physics 18, 849–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neugebauer, J. 1973. The diagenetic problem of chalk. The role of pressure solution and pore fluid. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie Geologie Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 143, 223–45.Google Scholar
Neugebauer, J. 1974. Some aspects of cementation in chalk. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists 1, 149–76.Google Scholar
Neumann, M. & Robaszynski, F. 1983. Tentative de comparison entre la limite supérieure du Campanian stratotypique et al limite inférieure du Maastrichtian stratotypique. Géologie Méditterranéenne 10, (3–4), 73–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyong, E. E. & Olsson, R. K. 1984. A palaeoslope model of Campanian to lower Maastrichtian foraminifera in the North American basin and adjacent continental margin. Marine Micropalaeontology 8, 437–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, R. K. & Nyong, E. 1984. A palaeoslope model for Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian Foraminifera of New Jersey and Delaware. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 14 (1) 50–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olszewski, S. 1875. Zapiski Paleontologiczna Sprawozd. Komissi Fizyj. Akademii Umiejetnosci 9, 95–145.Google Scholar
Orbigny, M. A. DE 1840. Mémoire sur les Foraminiferes de la Craie Blanche du Bassin de Paris. Mémoir Société Géologique France 4 (1), 1–48.Google Scholar
Parsons, B. & Sclater, J. G. 1977. An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age. Journal of Geophysical Research 82, 803–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1968. Der Feinbau und die Klassifikation der Coccolithen aus dem Maastrichtien von Dänemark. Del Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskap, Biologiske Skrifter 16 (1), 1–93.Google Scholar
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1985. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils. In Plankton Stratigraphy (eds Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. and Perch-Nielson, K.) pp. 329–426. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pienaar, R. N. 1966. Microfossils fro the Cretaceous system of Zululand studied with the aid of the electron microscope. South African Journal of Science 62, 147–57.Google Scholar
Reiss, Z. 1954. Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary Bolivinoides from Israel. Contributions Cushman Foundation of Foraminiferal Research 5 (4), 154–64.Google Scholar
Reuss, A. E. 1851. Die Foraminiferen und Entomostraceen des Kreidemergels von Lemberg. Haidinger's naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen 4 (1) 17–52.Google Scholar
Robaszynski, F., Bless, M. J. M., Felder, P. J., Foucher, J. -C, Legoux, O., Manivit, H., Meessen, J. P. M. Th. & van der Tuuk, L. A. 1985. The Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary in the chalky facies close to the type-Maastrichtian area. Bulletin Centres Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine 9 (1), 1–113.Google Scholar
Robaszynski, F., Caron, M., Gonzalez Donoso, J. M., Wonders, A. A. H. & Eur. W. G. Plankt., Foram. 1984. Atlas of Late Cretaceous Globotruncanids. Revue Micropaleontologie 26 (3–4), 145–305.Google Scholar
Robaszynski, F. & Christensen, W. K. 1989. The upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian chalks of the Mons basin, Belgium: a preliminary study of belemnites and foraminifera in the Harmiges and Ciply areas. Geologie en Mijnbouw 68, 391–408.Google Scholar
Romein, A. J. T. 1977. Calcareous nannofossils from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary interval in the Barranco del Gredero (Caravaca, Prov. Murcia. S.E. Spain). Proceedings of the Konjlie Nederlandse Akademie Wetenschapen, Series B, 80 (4), 256–79.Google Scholar
Salaj, J. & Wiedmann, J. 1989. The Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary in the El Kef section, Tunisia. In Cretaceous of the Western Tethys (ed. Wiedmann, J.), pp. 299–315. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Saltzman, E. S. & Barron, E. J. 1982. Deep circulation in the Late Cretaceous: Oxygen isotope paleotemperatures from Inoceramus remains in DSDP cores. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 40, 167–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, F. 1982). Das erweiterte Unter-/Ober-Maastricht-Grenzprofil von Hemmoor, Niederelbe (north-west Deutschland). Geologisches Jahrbuch A61, 7–12.Google Scholar
Schönfeld, J. 1990. Zur Stratigraphie und Ökologie benthischer Foraminiferen im Schreibkreide-Richt-profil von Lägerdorf/Holstein. Geologisches Jahrbuch A 117, 3–151.Google Scholar
Schönfeld, J. & Mücke, T. von (in press). Zur Foraminiferen-Stratigraphie der Schreibkreide von Helgoland. Geologisches Jahrbuch.Google Scholar
Schönfeld, J., Sirocko, F. & Jørgensen, N. O. 1991. Oxygen isotope composition of Cretaceous chalk at Lägerdorf (north-west Germany). Its original environmental signal and palaeotemperature interpretation. Cretaceous Research 12, 27–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, M. -G. 1978. Zur Litho- und Biostratigraphie des Obercampan-Untermaastricht von Lägerdorf und Kronsmoor (SW-Holstein). Newsletter on Stratigraphy 1, 73–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, M. -G. & Schmid, F. 1983. Die Belemniten der Inoceramen-Mergel (Buntmergelserie, Ultrahelvetikum, Unter-Maastricht) des Moos-Grabens SE Siegsdorf (Oberbayern) und ihre stratigraphische Bedeutung. Zitteliana 10, 653–61.Google Scholar
Schulz, M. -G. & Schmid, F. 1983. Das Ober-Maastricht von Hemmoor (N-Deutschland): Faunenzonen-Gliederung und Korrelation mit dem Ober-Maastricht von Dänemark und Limburg. Newsletter on Stratigraphy 13 (2), 21–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, M. -G., Ernst, G., Ernst, H. & Schmid, F. 1984. Coniacian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the standard section for the Upper Cretaceous white chalk of NW Germany (Lägerdorf-Kronsmoor-Hemmoor): Definitions and proposals. Bulletin Geological Society Denmark 33, 203–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigal, J. 1952. Apercu stratigraphique sur la Micropaléontologie du Crétacé. Alger, 19th International Geological Congress, Monograph, 1st Ser. Algérie, 26, 1–45.Google Scholar
Sigal, J. 1977. Essai de zonation du Crétacé méditerranéan á laide des foraminiferés planktonique. Géologie Méditerranéenne 4 (2), 99–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigal, J. 1985. Foraminifers. Cretaceous. In Site 551. Initial Reports DSDP 80, 357–385.Google Scholar
Sissingh, W. 1977. Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geologie en Mijnbouw 56 (1), 37–65.Google Scholar
Sissingh, W. 1978. Microfossil biostratigraphy and stagestratotypes of the Cretaceous. Geologie en Mijnbouw 57 (3), 433–40.Google Scholar
Stradner, H. 1963. New Contributions to Mesozoic stratigraphy by means of nannofossils. Proceedings of the Sixth World Petroleum Congress, Section 1, Paper 4: 167–83.Google Scholar
Stradner, H. & Steinmetz, J. 1984. Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from the Angola Basin, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530. Initial Reports DSDP 75, 565–649.Google Scholar
Tyson, R. V. & Funnell, B. M. 1987. European Cretaceous shorelines stage by stage. Palaeogeography, Palaeo- climatology, Palaeoecology 59, 69–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hinte, J. E. 1965. Some Foraminifera and correlation of the Type Campanian. Proceedings of the 2nd West African Micropaleontological Colloquium, 86–92.Google Scholar
Vasilenko, V. P. & Matliuk, E. V. 1947. Foraminiferen und Stratigraphie der Ober-Kreide des siidlichen Emba- Gebietes. In Mikrofauna der Erdöllagerstätten des Kaukasus, Emba und Mittelasien, pp. 161–221. Gostoptechisdat: Leningrad.Google Scholar
Weiss, W. 1983. Heterohelicidae (seriale planktonische Foraminifern) der tethyalen Oberkreide (Santon bis Maastricht). Geologisches Jahrbuch A72, 3–93.Google Scholar
Wise, S. W. & Wind, F. H. 1977. Mesozoic and Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils recovered by DSDP Leg 36 drilling on the Falkland Plateau, southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Initial Reports DSDP 36, 269–492.Google Scholar
White, M. P. 1928. Some Index Foraminifera of the Tampico embayment area of Mexico. 2. Journal of Paleontology 2 (4), 280–317.Google Scholar
Wonders, A. A. H. 1980. Middle and Late Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera of the Western Mediterranean area. Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin 24, 1–157.Google Scholar
Yapp, C. J. 1979. Oxygen and carbon isotopic measurements of land snail shell carbonate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 43, 629–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, P. A. 1982. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe. 130 pp. Amsterdam.Google Scholar