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Effect of chitosan on three isolates of Rhizopus stolonifer obtained from peach, papaya and tomato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2010

Ana N. Hernández-Lauzardo ,
Miguel G. Velázquez-del Valle ,
Leticia Veranza-Castelán ,
Gloria E. Melo-Giorgana  and
María G. Guerra-Sánchez
Ana N. Hernández-Lauzardo*
Affiliation:
 CEPROBI, Inst. Politéc. Nac., Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km.6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, CP 62731, Apartado Postal 24, Yautepec,  Morelos, México
Miguel G. Velázquez-del Valle
Affiliation:
 CEPROBI, Inst. Politéc. Nac., Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km.6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, CP 62731, Apartado Postal 24, Yautepec,  Morelos, México
Leticia Veranza-Castelán
Affiliation:
 Fac. Cienc. Quím., Univ. Autón. Veracruz, Prolong. Oriente 6 No. 1009, Orizaba, Veracruz, México, CP 23456. México
Gloria E. Melo-Giorgana
Affiliation:
 Fac. Cienc. Quím., Univ. Autón. Veracruz, Prolong. Oriente 6 No. 1009, Orizaba, Veracruz, México, CP 23456. México
María G. Guerra-Sánchez
Affiliation:
 ENCB, Inst. Politéc. Nac., Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col Casco de Sto. Tomás. Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, México
*
* Correspondence and reprints
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Abstract

Introduction. Rhizopus stolonifer is the causal agent of Rhizopus rot disease in various fruit and vegetables. Materials and methods. The effect of chitosan was evaluated in vitro on mycelial growth, sporulation, morphological characteristics and germination of spores of three isolates of R. stolonifer (from peach, papaya and tomato). The effect of chitosan on controlling Rhizopus decay in peach, papaya and tomato fruit in situ in comparison with the synthetic fungicide dichloran was also studied. Results and discussion. Our results showed that the mycelial growth and sporulation of the three isolates were markedly inhibited at all tested chitosan concentrations. The highest antifungal indexes and sporulation reduction were observed with chitosan at 2 mg·mL–1. In our study, the morphological characteristics of the spores of R. stolonifer showed different behavior depending on the evaluated isolates. In general, the highest effect on germination was observed at the chitosan concentration of 2 mg·mL–1. Our results demonstrated that chitosan was effective in reducing the percentage of infection and the severity index on peach, papaya and tomato fruit compared with those of non-treated control. The chitosan was not more effective than dichloran in reducing the percentage of infection. The results of the study suggest that chitosan (2 mg·mL–1) is a good alternative for the control of Rhizopus decay on peach, papaya and tomato fruit; it could be considered as a potential agent in natural alternatives to control postharvest diseases.

Keywords

MexicoPrunus persicaCarica papayaLycopersicon esculentumfruitspostharvest decayfungal diseasesRhizopus stoloniferchitosanantifungal propertiesMexiquePrunus persicaCarica papayaLycopersicon esculentumfruitsmaladie postrécoltemaladie fongiqueRhizopus stoloniferchitosanepropriété antifongiqueMéxicoPrunus persicaCarica papayaLycopersicon esculentumfrutasenfermedades postcosechaenfermedades fungosasRhizopus stoloniferquitosanopropiedades antifúngicas
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 65 , Issue 4 , July 2010 , pp. 245 - 253
Copyright
© 2010 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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