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CD1d-restricted glycolipid antigens: presentation principles, recognition logic and functional consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2008

William C. Florence ,
Rakesh K. Bhat  and
Sebastian Joyce
William C. Florence
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Rakesh K. Bhat
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Sebastian Joyce*
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
*
*Corresponding author: Sebastian Joyce, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, A4223 Medical Centre North, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Tel: +1 615 322 1472; Fax: 615-343-7392; E-mail: sebastian.joyce@vanderbilt.edu
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Abstract

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes whose functions are regulated by self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d. Activation of iNKT cells in vivo results in rapid release of copious amounts of effector cytokines and chemokines with which they regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens, certain types of cancers and self-antigens. The nature of CD1d-restricted antigens, the manner in which they are recognised and the unique effector functions of iNKT cells suggest an innate immunoregulatory role for this subset of T cells. Their ability to respond fast and our ability to steer iNKT cell cytokine response to altered lipid antigens make them an important target for vaccine design and immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases. This review summarises our current understanding of CD1d-restricted antigen presentation, the recognition of such antigens by an invariant T-cell receptor on iNKT cells, and the functional consequences of these interactions.

Type
Review Article
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 10 , October 2008 , e20
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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References

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Further reading, resources and contacts

Porcelli, S.A. (1995) The CD1 family: a third lineage of antigen-presenting molecules. Adv Immunol 59, 1-98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Van Kaer, L. (2005) α-Galactosylceramide therapy for autoimmune diseases: prospects and obstacles. Nat Rev Immunol 5, 31-42CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moody, D.B., Zajonc, D.M. and Wilson, I.A. (2005) Anatomy of CD1-lipid antigen complexes. Nat Rev Immunol 5, 387-399CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bendelac, A., Savage, P.B. and Teyton, L. (2007) The biology of NKT cells. Annu Rev Immunol 25, 297-336CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barral, D.C. and Brenner, M.B. (2007) CD1 antigen presentation: how it works. Nat Rev Immunol 7, 929-941CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed