People with schizophrenia exhibit low levels of physical activity, which have impact on physical and mental health as well as overall quality of life (QOL). Mental and physical benefits of exercise are known, although the mechanisms through which physical exercise improves schizophrenia symptoms are not fully understood.

To assess the effect of a 16-week exercise program (EP) on the expression of BDNF and S100B biomarkers, physical fitness, health related quality of life and self-perceptions of adults with schizophrenia.

Thirty-five patients with schizophrenia (PwSZ) were divided in three groups Institutionalized Patients (n = 11); Psychosocial Rehabilitation (n = 13); and Control Group (n = 11). The EP consisted of one-hour walking session three times a week during 16 weeks. All participants were assessed before and after EP using the six minutes walking test, a psychological tests battery including MOS Short Form 36, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Physical Self-Perception Profile, Satisfaction with Life Scale as well as the BDNF and S100B measurements using serum analysis.

No significant statistical differences were found both for BDNF and S100B levels as a result of exercise. Additionally, no significant statistical differences were found for Physical Self-concept and Global Self-esteem changes as a result of the walking program (WP). However, PwSZ showed significant statistical differences on the satisfaction with life (P < 0.05) and on the perceived health related QOL (P < 0.05) in all groups participating in the EP.

In spite of the limited impact of the WP in PwSZ, this group may obtain positive outcomes of the exercise participation based on a more positive attitude towards life.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.