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The BDI-II factor structure in pregnancy and postpartum: Two or three factors?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Sandra Carvalho Bos ,
Ana Telma Pereira ,
Mariana Marques ,
Berta Maia ,
Maria João Soares ,
José Valente ,
Ana Gomes ,
António Macedo  and
Maria Helena Azevedo
Sandra Carvalho Bos*
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
Ana Telma Pereira
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
Mariana Marques
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
Berta Maia
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
Maria João Soares
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
José Valente
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
Ana Gomes*
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
António Macedo
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
Maria Helena Azevedo
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 239 857700; fax: +351 239 823170. E-mail address: sbos@fmed.uc.pt (S. Carvalho Bos).
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 239 857700; fax: +351 239 823170. E-mail address: sbos@fmed.uc.pt (S. Carvalho Bos).
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Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in pregnancy and postpartum. Women were asked to fill in the BDI-II in their last trimester of pregnancy and at 3 months after delivery. A total of 331 pregnant women, with a mean age of 29.7 years (SD = 4.6), and 354 mothers, aged 30.6 years (SD = 4.6 years), answered the BDI-II. The first group was mainly nulliparas (65.6%) and the second group was mostly primiparas (57.4%). Factor analyses with principal components solution and varimax rotation were performed. Based on the scree test of Cattell a 2-factor solution and a 3-factor solution were explored. The 2-factor solution was identical in pregnancy and postpartum. Items loading in the Cognitive–Affective factor and in the Somatic–Anxiety factor were almost the same, though the Cognitive–Affective factor explained more of the BDI-II total variance in pregnancy, whereas in postpartum both factors explained similar total variances. The 3-factor solution of the BDI-II in pregnancy and postpartum slightly diverged. Besides the Cognitive–Affective and the Somatic–Anxiety factors, a third factor, Fatigue, was obtained in pregnancy while Guilt was the third factor identified in postpartum. This study reveals that the BDI-II 3-factor solution might be more appropriate to assess depressive symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum.

Keywords

Psychometric and assessments in psychiatryBDI-II factor analysesPregnancyPostpartum
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 24 , Issue 5 , June 2009 , pp. 334 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2009

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Footnotes

1

Tel.: +351 234 370628; fax: +351 234 370640.

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