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Pots, Slavs and ‘imagined communities’: Slavic archaeologies and the history of the early Slavs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Florin Curta
Florin Curta*
Affiliation:
University of Florida, USA
*
[email: fcurta@history.ufl.edu; http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/fcurta]
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Abstract

Despite recent emphasis on the impact of nationalism on archaeology, the discussion has centered more on the ideological framework of the culture-historical school of archaeology, particularly on the concept of archaeological culture. Comparatively little attention has been paid to how archaeologists contributed to the construction of the national past. This article examines Slavic archaeology, a discipline crisscrossing national divisions of archaeological schools, within the broader context of the ‘politics of culture’ which characterizes all nation-states, as ‘imagined communities’ (Anderson 1991). Indeed, the current academic discourse about the early Slavs in Ukraine, Russia, and Romania appears as strikingly tied to political, rather than intellectual, considerations. In eastern Europe, the concept of archaeological culture is still defined in monothetic terms on the basis of the presence or absence of a list of traits or types derived from typical sites or intuitively considered to be representative cultural attributes. Archaeologists thus regarded archaeological cultures as actors on the historical stage, playing the role individuals or groups have in documentary history. Archaeological cultures became ethnic groups, and were used to legitimize claims of modern nation-states to territory and influence.

En dépit de nombreuses études sur l'impact du nationalisme sur l'archéologie, le débat concerne pour l'instant seulement l'idéologie de l'école archéologique d'histoire culturelle et surtout la notion de ‘culture’ archéologique. Il n'y a que peu d'études sur l'apport des archéologues à l'envisagement du passé national. L'objet de cet article est de mettre en relief l'archéologie slave, en tant que discipline à travers les différentes écoles archéologiques nationales, par rapport à la ‘politique culturelle’ profondément liée aux manifestations des états nationaux, ces ‘communautés imaginées’ dont a parlé Benedict Anderson. On a souvent remarqué que les théories actuelles sur les anciens slaves, soit en Ukraïne ou en Russie, soit en Roumanie, sont le reflet d'attitudes politiques plutôt qu'intellectuelles. Dans les pays d'Europe orientale, la définition de la culture archéologique reste monothétique et dépend toujours de la présence ou de l'absence d'un nombre de qualités ou de types établis au cours de l'analyse de sites typiques ou considérés intuitivement comme des attributs culturels représentatifs. Beaucoup d'archéologues estimaient par conséquent que les cultures archéologiques étaient des acteurs sur la scène de l'histoire, jouant le rôle d'individus ou de groupes dans l'histoire documentaire. Les cultures archéologiques devenaient des ethnies, utilisées pour légitimer les revendications territoriales et politiques des états-nations modernes.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Trotz der kürzlichen Betonung des Einflusses von Nationalismus auf die Archäologie, konzentriert sich die Diskussion weiterhin auf den ideologischen Rahmen der kulturhistorischen Schule der Archäologie, besonders auf den Begriff der ‘archäologischen Kultur’. Vergleichsweise wenig Aufmerksamkeit ist jedoch darauf verwendet worden, wie Archäologen zur Konstruktion der nationalen Vergangenheit beitrugen. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die slawische Archäologie, eine Disziplin, die kreuz und quer durch die nationalen Abteilungen archäologischer Schulen verläuft, im weiten Kontext der ‘Kultur-Politik’, die alle Nationalstaaten als ‘imaginäre Gemeinschaften’ (B. Anderson) charakterisiert. Tatsächlich scheint die aktuelle akademische Diskussion zu den frühen Slawen in der Ukraine, Rußland und Rumänien enger mit politischen, als mit intellektuellen Überlegungen verknüpft zu sein. In Osteuropa ist das Konzept ‘archäologischer Kulturen’ noch immer durch monothetische Begriffe definiert, die auf der Basis der An- oder Abwesenheit einer Anzahl von bestimmten Merkmalen oder Typen basieren, die entweder von typischen Fundplätzen gewonnen wurden oder denen man kurzerhand intuitiv kulturelle Repräsentativität zubilligte. Somit betrachteten Archäologen archäologische Kulturen als Schauspieler auf der historischen Bühne, die eine Rolle spielten, wie es von Individuen oder Gruppen in dokumentarischer Geschichte getan wird. Archäologische Kulturen wurden zu ethnischen Gruppen und damit zur Legitimierung von Ansprüchen auf Territorium und Einfluß moderner Nationalstaaten verwendet.

Keywords

BulgariaCzechoslovakia‘imagined communities’nationalismPolandRomaniaSlavic archaeologySoviet UnionYugoslaviaarchéologie slaveBulgarie‘communauté imaginée’nationalismePologneRoumanieTchécoslovaquieUnion SoviétiqueYugoslavieBulgarien‘imaginäre Gemeinschaften’JugoslawienNationalismusPolenRumänienslawische ArchäologieSowjetunionTschechoslowakei
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 4 , Issue 3 , 2001 , pp. 367 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © 2001 Sage Publications 

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