Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T23:53:31.587Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Binary factors of shifts of finite type

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2023

IAN F. PUTNAM*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 2Y2, B.C., Canada
*

Abstract

We construct two new classes of topological dynamical systems; one is a factor of a one-sided shift of finite type while the second is a factor of the two-sided shift. The data are a finite graph which presents the shift of finite type, a second finite directed graph and a pair of embeddings of it into the first, satisfying certain conditions. The factor is then obtained from a simple idea based on binary expansion of real numbers. In both cases, we construct natural metrics on the factors and, in the second case, this makes the system a Smale space, in the sense of Ruelle. We compute various algebraic invariants for these systems, including the homology for Smale space developed by the author and the K-theory of various $C^{*}$-algebras associated to them, in terms of the pair of original graphs.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, R.. Symbolic dynamics and Markov partitions. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 35(1) (1998), 156.Google Scholar
Adler, R. and Weiss, B.. Similarity of Automorphisms of the Torus (Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 98). American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1970.Google Scholar
Barnsly, M. F.. Fractals Everywhere, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.Google Scholar
Bowen, R.. Markov partitions for Axiom A diffeomorphisms. Amer. J. Math. 3 (1970), 725747.Google Scholar
Bowen, R.. On Axiom A Diffeomorphisms (CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, 71). American Mathematical Society, Providence, 1978.Google Scholar
Bowen, R. and Franks, J.. Homology for zero-dimensional nonwandering sets. Ann. of Math. (2) 106(1) (1977), 7392.Google Scholar
Cuntz, J. and Krieger, W.. A class of ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebras and topological Markov chains. Invent. Math. 56 (1980), 251268.Google Scholar
Deaconu, V.. Groupoids associated with endomorphisms. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 347 (1995), 17791786.Google Scholar
Deeley, R. and Strung, K. R.. Nuclear dimension and classification of ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebras associated to Smale spaces. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 370(5) (2018), 34673485.Google Scholar
Deeley, R. J., Goffeng, M. and Yashinski, A.. Smale space ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebras have nonzero projections. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 148(4) (2020), 16251639.Google Scholar
Deeley, R. J. and Yashinski, A.. The stable ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebra of a Wieler solenoid: inductive limits and $K$ -theory. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 40(9) 2020, 23682398.Google Scholar
Haslehurst, M.. Some examples of factor groupoids. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2204.13888v2.Google Scholar
Hjelmborg, J. and Rørdam, M.. On stability of ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebras. J. Funct. Anal. 155(1) (1998), 153171.Google Scholar
Hungerford, T. W.. Algebra (Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 73). Springer, New York, 1974.Google Scholar
Kaminker, J., Putnam, I. F. and Whittaker, M. F.. K-theoretic duality for hyperbolic dynamical systems. J. Reine Angew. Math. 730 (2017), 257288.Google Scholar
Katok, A. and Hasselblatt, B.. Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical Systems (Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, 54). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.Google Scholar
Kelley, J. L.. General Topology (Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 27). Springer, Berlin, 1955.Google Scholar
Lind, D. and Marcus, B. H.. An Introduction to Symbolic Dynamics and Coding. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.Google Scholar
Matui, H.. Long exact sequences of homology groups of étale groupoids. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 42 (2022), 52395271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhly, P. S., Renault, J. N. and Williams, D. P.. Equivalence and isomorphism for groupoid ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebras. J. Operator Theory 17 (1987), 322.Google Scholar
Proietti, V. and Yamashita, M.. Homology and K-theory of dynamical systems. II. Smale spaces with totally disconnected transversal. Preprint, 2021, arXiv:2104.10938.Google Scholar
Proietti, V. and Yamashita, M.. Homology and K-theory of dynamical systems. III. Beyond totally disconnected case. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2207.03118.Google Scholar
Putnam, I. F.. ${\mathrm{C}}^{\ast }$ -algebras from Smale spaces. Canad. J. Math. 48 (1996), 175195.Google Scholar
Putnam, I. F.. A Homology Theory for Smale Spaces (Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 232). American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2014.Google Scholar
Putnam, I. F.. Some classifiable groupoid ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebras with prescribed $K$ -theory. Math. Ann. 370(3–4) (2018), 13611387.Google Scholar
Putnam, I. F. and Spielberg, J. S.. The structure of ${C}^{\ast }$ -algebras associated with hyperbolic dynamical systems. J. Funct. Anal. 163 (1999), 279299.Google Scholar
Renault, J.. A Groupoid Approach to ${C}^{\ast }$ -Algebras (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 793). Springer, Berlin, 1980.Google Scholar
Rørdam, M., Larsen, F., Laustsen, N. J.. An Introduction to $K$ -theory for ${C}^{\ast }$ -Algebras (London Mathematical Society Student Texts, 49). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.Google Scholar
Ruelle, D.. Noncommutative algebras for hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. Invent. Math. 93 (1988), 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruelle, D.. Thermodynamic Formalism (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004).Google Scholar
Sinai, Y.. Markov partitions and C-diffeomorphisms. Funct. Anal. Appl. 2 (1968), 6489.Google Scholar
Smale, S.. Differentiable dynamical systems. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 73 (1967), 747817.Google Scholar