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On Defense Rupture and the Antagonistic Action of Salts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

C. Shearer
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In a recent number of this Journal1, I have pointed out that the well-known antagonistic action of Ca to Na, was probably at the bottom of the peculiar “defense rupture” action of Ca, as described by Bullock and Cramer2, in relation to infection with the organisms of gas gangrene.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , July 1920 , pp. 72 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1920

References

page 72 note 1 Shearer, (1919), Journ. Hyg. XVIII. 337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 72 note 2 Bullock, and Cramer, (1919), Proc. Soy. Soc. Ser. B. xc. 513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 72 note 3 Cramer, and Gye, (1920), Journ. Hyg. XVIII. 463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 73 note 1 Shearer, and Crowe, (1917), Proc. Ray. Soc. Ser. B. LXXXIX. 440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 73 note 2 As illustrating the impermeable character of the spore wall, it is worth recalling Buchner's early observation, where he claimed to have germinated the spores of B. subtilis after these had been treated with concentrated sulphuric acid. (See Buchner, “Ueber das Verhalten der Spalt-pilzsporen gegen Anilinfarbstoffe,” Aertzlich. Intelligenzbl. 1884.Google Scholar

page 74 note 1 Since my paper appeared, a clear demonstration of this effect has been described by Gray (Journ. Physiol. 1920, un. p. 308) in the trout egg. Injury of the cell membrane, whether mechanical or through the poisonous action of salts, immediately renders this membrane permeable to the contained electrolytes of the cell, and the loss of these brings about the precipitation of the globulins of the egg with death; during life these are held in solution by the contained neutral salts.Google Scholar

page 74 note 2 The recent work of Brooks (Journ. Gen. Physiol. 1918–1920) on the effect of different electrolytes on the respiration of B. subtilis has shown that the action of NaCl and CaCl in affecting respiration is very similar to that demonstrated by the conductivity method as described in my paperGoogle Scholar