Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T16:11:01.528Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

BELIZE AND THE RBGE: REFLECTING ON 16 YEARS OF COLLABORATIVE TRAINING

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 March 2020

Z. A. Goodwin
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EdinburghEH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail for correspondence: zgoodwin@rbge.org.uk
G. L. Stott
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EdinburghEH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail for correspondence: zgoodwin@rbge.org.uk
L. P. Ronse De Craene
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EdinburghEH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail for correspondence: zgoodwin@rbge.org.uk
E. Kay
Affiliation:
Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize, Price Center Road, P.O. Box 340, Belmopan, Belize.
G. N. Lopez
Affiliation:
Belize Forest Department, Forest Drive, Belmopan, Belize.
E. Haston
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EdinburghEH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail for correspondence: zgoodwin@rbge.org.uk
D. J. Harris
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EdinburghEH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail for correspondence: zgoodwin@rbge.org.uk
Get access

Abstract

Between 2001 and 2017, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh conducted training and research in Belize built around an annual two-week field course, part of the Edinburgh M.Sc. programme in Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants, focused on tropical plant identification, botanical-collecting and tropical fieldwork skills. This long-term collaboration in one country has led to additional benefits, most notably capacity building, acquisition of new country records, completion of M.Sc. thesis projects and publication of the findings in journal articles, and continued cooperation. Detailed summaries are provided for the specimens collected by students during the field course or return visits to Belize for M.Sc. thesis projects. Additionally, 15 species not recorded in the national checklist for Belize are reported. The information in this paper highlights the benefits of collaborations between institutions and countries for periods greater than the typical funding cycles of three to five years.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2020)

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akers, R. (2007). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary. M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Baden, H. M., Särkinen, T., Conde, D. A., Matthews, A. C., Vandrot, H., Chicas, S., Pennil, C., Bayly, W. D. R., Chance, R., Bridgewater, S. G. M. & Harris, D. J. (2016). A botanical inventory of forest on karstic limestone and metamorphic substrate in the Chiquibul Forest, Belize, with focus on woody taxa. Edinburgh J. Bot. 73(1): 3981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, T. R., Pennington, R. T., Dexter, K. G., Fine, P. V. A., Fortune-Hopkins, H., Honorio, E. N., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Klitgård, B. B., Lewis, G. P., de Lima, H. C., Ashton, P., Baraloto, C., Davies, S., Donoghue, M. J., Kaye, M., Kress, W. J., Lehmann, C. E. R., Monteagudo, A., Phillips, O. L. & Vasquez, R. (2017). Maximising synergy among tropical plant systematists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists. Trends Ecol. Evol. 32(4): 258267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balick, M. J., Nee, M. H. & Atha, D. E. (2000). Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize: with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85: 1246.Google Scholar
Boero, F. (2001). Light after dark: the partnership for enhancing expertise in taxonomy. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16(5): 266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, S. W. & Stott, G. L. (2017). A new species of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) from the Bladen Nature Reserve, southern Belize. PhytoKeys 81: 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridgewater, S. G. M. (2012). A Natural History of Belize: Inside the Maya Forest. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bridgewater, S. G. M., Ibáñez, A., Ratter, J. & Furley, P. A. (2002). Vegetation classification and floristics of the savannas and associated wetlands of the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area, Belize. Edinburgh J. Bot. 59(3): 421442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridgewater, S. G. M., Harris, D. J., Whitefoord, C., Monro, A. K., Penn, M. G., Sutton, D. A., Sayer, B., Adams, B., Balick, M. J., Atha, D. H., Solomon, J. & Holst, B. K. (2006). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of the Chiquibul Forest, Belize. Edinburgh J. Bot. 63(2 and 3): 269321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidse, G., Sousa Sánchez, M., Chiang Cabrera, F. & Knapp, S. D. (1994–). Flora Mesoamericana. St Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden Press.Google Scholar
De Carvalho, M. R., Bockmann, F. A., Amorim, D. S., de Vivo, M., de Toledo-Piza, M., Menezes, N. A., de Figueiredo, J. L., Castro, R. M. C., Gill, A. C., McEachran, J. D., Compagno, L. J. V., Schelly, R. C., Britz, R., Lundberg, J. G., Vari, R. P. & Nelson, G. J. (2005). Revisiting the taxonomic impediment. Science 307(5708): 353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Carvalho, M. R., Bockmann, F. A., Amorim, D. S., Brandão, C. R. F., De Vivo, M., De Figueiredo, J. L., Britski, H. A., De Pinna, M. C. C., Menezes, N. A., Marques, F. P. L., Papavero, N., Cancello, E. M., Crisci, J. V., McEachran, J. D., Schelly, R. C., Lundberg, J. G., Gill, A. C., Britz, R., Wheeler, Q. D., Stiassny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R., Page, L. M., Wheeler, W. C., Faivovich, J., Vari, R. P., Grande, L., Humphries, C. J., DeSalle, R., Ebach, M. C. & Nelson, G. (2007). Taxonomic impediment or impediment to taxonomy? A commentary on systematics and the cybertaxonomic-automation paradigm. Evol. Biol. 34: 140143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Carvalho, M. R., Bockmann, F. A., Amorim, D. S. & Brandão, C. R. F. (2008). Systematics must embrace comparative biology and evolution, not speed and automation. Evol. Biol. 35: 150157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrar, J. & Ronse De Craene, L. (2013). To be or not to be a staminode: the floral development of Sauvagesia (Ochnaceae) reveals different origins of presumed staminodes. In: Berntsen, T. & Alsvik, K. (eds) Flowers, Morphology, Evolutionary Diversification and Implications for the Environment, pp. 89103. New York: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Field Museum (continuously updated). Botanical Collections – The Field Museum. Online. Available: https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/Google Scholar
Gentry, A. H. (1993). A Field Guide to the Families and Genera of Woody Plants of Northwest South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) With Supplementary Notes on Herbaceous Taxa. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Z, Bridgewater, S. & Lopez, G. (2011a). Darwin Initiative Project 17-022 – Conservation of the Lowland Savannas of Belize – The Status of Eriocaulaceae in Belize. Online. Available: http://www.eeo.ed.ac.uk/sea-belize/outputs/progress_reports/Eriocaulaceae_Report_Oct_2011.pdfGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, Z. A., Lopez, G. N. & Michelakis, D. (2011b). Darwin Initiative Project 17-022 – Conservation of the Lowland Savannas of Belize – Botanical Inventory of the Lowland Savanna of Belize: Checklist of the Lowland Savanna of the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Online. Available: https://www.eeo.ed.ac.uk/sea-belize/outputs/progress_reports/rbcma.pdfGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, Z. A., Harris, D. J., Bridgewater, S. G. M., Lopez, G. N., Haston, E. M., Cameron, I. D., Michelakis, D., Ratter, J. A., Furley, P. A., Kay, E., Whitefoord, C., Solomon, J., Lloyd, A. J. & Stuart, N. (2013). A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas and associated wetlands of Belize, Central America. Phytotaxa 101(1): 1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, Z. A., Harris, D. J., Filer, D., Wood, J. R. I. & Scotland, R. W. (2015). Widespread mistaken identity in tropical plant collections. Curr. Biol. 25(22): R1066R1067.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, E., Macphail, R., Turner, S., Crowther, J., Stegemann, J., Arroyo-Kalin, M., Duncan, L., Whittet, R., Rosique, C. & Austin, P. (2017). The Marco Gonzalez Maya site, Ambergris Caye, Belize: assessing the impact of human activities by examining diachronic processes at the local scale. Quatern. Int. 437(part B): 115142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, D. J., Bridgewater, S. G. M. & Moutsamboté, J.-M. (2015). Training in tropical plant identification. In: Watson, M. F., Lyal, C. H. C. & Pendry, C. A. (eds) Descriptive Taxonomy: The Foundation of Biodiversity Research, vol. 84, pp. 160170. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, J. (2007). Describing the plant diversity of Belizean savannas: a floristic survey of San Pastor Savanna. M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Hicks, J., Goodwin, Z. A., Bridgewater, S. G. M., Harris, D. J. & Furley, P. A. (2011). A floristic description of the San Pastor Savanna, Belize, Central America. Edinburgh J. Bot. 68(2): 273296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwamoto, A. & Ronse De Craene, L. (2014). Report of the field trip course of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in Belize in comparison with the course organized by Tokyo Gakugei University. Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Univ. Div. Nat. Sci. 66: 4551.Google Scholar
JSTOR Global Plants (continuously updated). Electronic database. Online. Available: https://plants.jstor.org/Google Scholar
Kay, E. (2012). Activity Report – “Conservation of the lowland savanna ecosystem in Belize” project – April 2009–March 2010. Online. Available: https://www.eeo.ed.ac.uk/sea-belize/outputs/progress_reports/SEA_Belize_Year1Report_UB.pdfGoogle Scholar
Maskell, L., Chan, I., Garcia, E., Goodwin, Z., Lloyd, A., Mora, N., Smart, S., Stuart, R. & Walker, P. (2009). Technical report for Defra project ‘Developing Integrated Assessment of Biodiversity in Belize’. Online. Available: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/8785/3/MaskellN008785CR.pdfGoogle Scholar
Missouri Botanical Garden (continuously updated). Tropicos.org. Online. Available: https://www.tropicos.orgGoogle Scholar
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853858.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldroyd, L. (2009). Illustrated user-friendly identification key to the Cyperaceae of Belize. M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Paton, A. J., Brummitt, N. A., Govaerts, R., Harman, K., Hinchcliffe, S., Allkin, B. & Nic Lughadha, E. M. (2008). Towards Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: a working list of all known plant species – progress and prospects. Taxon 57(2): 602611.Google Scholar
Queenborough, S. (2001). The floristics and phytogeography of Central American tropical forests of Belize. M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Renshaw, O. (2008). Are plant functional types based on leaf, seed and growth traits a useful tool for management and conservation purposes? M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Ronse De Craene, L. (2005). Floral developmental evidence for the systematic position of Batis L. (Bataceae). Amer. J. Bot. 92(4): 752760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010). What is the problem? The taxonomic impediment. Online. Available: http://www.cbd.int/gti/problem.shtml (retrieved May 2012).Google Scholar
Standley, P. C., Steyermark, J. A. & Collaborators (1946–1977). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(1–13).Google Scholar
Stuart, N., Goodwin, Z. A., Kay, E., Lopez, G. N. & Teul, M. (2012). Darwin Initiative – Final report. 17-022. Conservation of the Lowland Savanna Ecosystem in Belize. Online. Available: https://www.eeo.ed.ac.uk/sea-belize/outputs/progress_reports/17022final.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sylvester, S. P. (2009). Identification keys to the grasses of Belize. M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Sylvester, S. P. (2016). An illustrated generic key and updated list of the grasses (Poaceae) of Belize. Edinburgh J. Bot. 74(1): 3375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trevaskis, A. (2011). Extent to which soil properties contribute to oak (Quercus oleoides Schltdl. & Cham.) distribution within the lowland savannas of Belize. M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Ulloa Ulloa, C., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Beck, S., Belgrano, M. J., Bernal, R., Berry, P. E., Brako, L., Celis, M., Davidse, G., Forzza, R. C., Gradstein, S. R., Hokche, O., León, B., León-Yánez, S., Magill, R. E., Neill, D. A., Nee, M., Raven, P. H., Stimmel, H., Strong, M. T., Villaseñor, J. L., Zarucchi, J. L., Zuloaga, F. O. & Jørgensen, P. M. (2017). An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas. Science 358(6370): 16141617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Urban, L. (2003). The floristic survey of the Macal River. M.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Urban, L., Bridgewater, S. G. M. & Harris, D. J. (2006). The Macal River: a floristic and phytosociological study of a threatened riverine vegetation community in Belize. Edinburgh J. Bot. 63(1): 95118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wanntorp, L. & Ronse De Craene, L. (2009). Perianth evolution in the sandalwood order Santalales. Amer. J. Bot. 96(7): 13611371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wanntorp, L., Puglisi, C., Penneys, D. S. & Ronse De Craene, L. (2011). Multiplications of floral organs in flowers: a case study in Conostegia (Melastomataceae, Myrtales). In: Wanntorp, L. & Ronse De Craene, L. (eds) Flowers on the Tree of Life, pp. 218235. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanoni, T. (1967–). Flora Neotropica. New York: New York Botanical Garden.Google Scholar