Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-7qhmt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T01:52:53.526Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Impact of melt segregation on tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) petrogenesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2017

Tracy Rushmer
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA, e-mail: Tracy.Rushmer@uvm.edu
Matt Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Royal School of Mines Building, Imperial College, London SW7 2BP , UK, e-mail: m.d.jackson@imperial.ac.uk

Abstract

“In searching for the origin of granites, it is tempting to view them as purely chemical systems”

(Pitcher 1979, p. 90)

Although sophisticated geochemical studies tell us that tonolite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) plutonic complexes must be formed by partial melting of metabasaltic source material, they cannot tell us the tectonic regime in which this crust was formed, nor how large volumes of TTG magma can be generated. This study suggests that a solution to TTG arc crust formation requires a strongly interdisciplinary approach, to resolve the tectonic setting (slab melt verses mafic lowermost crust sources), the time and length scales for melting and extraction, and the role of melt segregation mechanisms in the formation of both Archean TTGs and more recent adakite-like magmas. The aim of this paper is to present an experimental approach which, when coupled with numerical models, allows some of these issues to be addressed. The experiments are designed to reproduce the local changes in bulk composition that are predicted to occur in response to buoyancy-driven melt segregation along grain edges and associated compaction of the solid residue. The preliminary study presented here documents the changes we observe in the melt composition and melt and solid phase modes between earlier direct partial melting and the new segregation equilibration experiments on metabasalt bulk compositions. The results suggest that if dynamic melt segregation and equilibrium processes are active, they may modify the normally robust geochemical indicators, such as Mg-numbers, which are typically used to develop models of TTG petrogenesis.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atherton, M.P. & Petford, N. 1993. Generation of a sodium-rich magma from newly underplated basaltic crust. Nature 362, 144-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beard, J.S. & Lofgren, G.E. 1991. Dehydration melting and water-saturated melting of basaltic and andesitic greenstones and amphibolites at 1, 3, and 6-9 kb. Journal of Petrology 32, 365-401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergantz, G.W. 1989. Underplating and partial melting: Implications for melt generation and extraction. Science 245, 1093-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergantz, G.W. & Dawes, R. 1994. Aspects of magma generation and ascent in continental lithosphère. In Ryan, M.P. (ed.) Magmat ic Systems, 291-397. London: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M. 1994. The generation, segregation, ascent and emplacement of granitic magma: The migmatite-to-crustally derived granite connection in thickened orogens. Earth Science Reviews 36, 83-130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M., Averkin, Y.A. & McLellan, E.L. 1995. Melt segregation in migmatites, Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15, 655-79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M. & Rushmer, T. 1997. Consequences of deformation-assisted melt segregation: New views from the field and the laboratory. In Holness, M. (ed.) Deformation-enhanced melt segregation and metamorphic fluid transport, 111-39. Mineralogical Society Series. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Castro, A., Patiño Dotice, A.E., Corretgé, L. G., de la Rosa, J., El-Biad, M., El-Hm, H. 1999. Origin of peraluminous granites and granodiorites, Iberian massif, Spain: an experimental test of granite petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 135 (2-3), 255-76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemens, J.D. & Vielzeuf, D. 1987. Constraints on melting and magma production in the crust. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 107, 41-59.Google Scholar
Condie, K. C. 2005. TTGs and adakites: are they both slab melts? Lithos 80, 33-44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, R.F. & Kohlstedt, D.L. 1984. Solution-precipitation enhanced diffusional creep of partially molten olivine-basalt aggregates during hot pressing. Tectonophysics 107, 207-33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, J.P. & Arculus, R.J. 2006. The significance of Phanerozoic arc magmatism in generating continental crust. In Brown, M. & Rushmer, T. (eds) Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust, 135-72. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Drummond, M.S. & Defant, M.J. 1990. A model for tronđhjemitetonalite-dacite gensis and crustal growth during slab melting: Archean to modern comparisons. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 21, 503-21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutscher, M.A., Maury, R., Eissen, J.P. & Bourdon, E. 2000. Can slab melting be caused by flat subduction? Geology 28, 535-8.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodge, D.S. 1974. Thermal model for origin of granitic batholiths. Nature 251, 297-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M.D., Cheadle, M.J. & Atherton, M.P. 2003. Quantitative modeling of melt generation and segregation in the continental crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 2332-53. doi: 10.1029/ 2001JB001050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M.D., Gallagher, K. Petford, N. & Cheadle, M.J. 2005. Towards a coupled physical and chemical model for tonalité-trondhjemite-granodiorite magma formation. Lithos 79, 43-60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M.D. & Cheadle, M.J. 1998. A continuum model for the transport of heat, mass and momentum in a deformable mush, undergoing solid-liquid phase change. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41, 1035-48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karato, S., Paterson, M.S. & FitzGerald, J.D. 1986. Rheology of synthetic olivine aggregates: Influence of grain size and water. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 8151-76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keleman, P.B. , Rilling, J.L., Parmentier, E.M., Mehl, L. & Hacker, B.R. 2003. Thermal structure due to solid-state flow in the mantle wedge beneath arcs. In Eiler, J. (ed.) Inside the Subduction Factory. American Geophysical Union Monograph 138, 293-311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kincaid, C. & Sacks, I.S. 1997. Thermal and dynamical evolution of the upper mantle in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 12295-315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinzler, R.J. 1997. Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition: Application to mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (Bl), 853-74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinzler, R.J. & Grove, T.L. 1992. Primary magmas of mid-oceanic basalts 2: Applications. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 6907-26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, E.M. & Langmuir, C.H. 1987. Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness. Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (B8), 8089-115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohlstedt, D.L. & Chopra, P.N. 1994. Influence of Basaltic Melt on the Creep of Polycrystalline Olivine under Hydrous Conditions. In Ryan, M. P. (ed.) Magmatic Systems, Chap. 3. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kushiro, I. 2001. Partial melting experiments on peridotite and origin of mid-oceanic ridge basalt. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 29, 71-107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupulescu, A. & Watson, E.B. 1999. Low-melt fraction connectivity of granitic and tonalitic melts in a mafic crustal rock at 800° C and I GPa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 134, 202-16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H. 1999. Adakitic magmas: Modern analogues of Archean granitoids. Lithos 46, 411-29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H., Smithies, R.H., Rapp, R., Moyen, J.-F. & Champion, D. 2005. An overview of adakite, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) and sanukitoid: relationships and some implications for crustal evolution. Lithos 79, 1-24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H. & Moyen, J.-F. 2002. Secular changes in tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite composition as markers of the progressive cooling of Earth. Geology 30, 319-22.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKenzie, D. 1984. The generation and compaction of partially molten rock. Journal of Petrolology 25, 713-65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mckenzie, D. & Bickle, M.J. 1988. Volume and composition of melt by extension of the lithosphère. Journal of Petrology 29, 625-79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLennan, S.M., Taylor, S.R. & Hemming, S.R. 2006. Composition, differentiation and evolution of the continental crust: constraints from sedimentary rocks and heat flow. In Brown, M. & Rushmer, T. (eds) Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust, 92-134. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peacock, S.M., Rushmer, T. & Thompson, A.B. 1994. Partial melting of subducting oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 121, 227-43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pctford, N. 1995. Segregation of tonalitic-trondhjemitic melts in the continental crust: The mantle connection. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15, 735-13.Google Scholar
Petford, N. 2003. Rheology of granitic magmas during ascent and emplacement. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 31, 399-427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petford, N. & Atherton, M. 1996. Na-rich partial melts from newly underplated basaltic crust: the Cordillera Blanca batholith, Peru. Journal of Petrology 37 (6), 1491-521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petford, N. & Koenders, M.A. 1998. Self-organisation and fracture connectivity in rapidly heated continental crust. Journal of Structural Geology 20, 1425-34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pharr, G.M. & Ashby, M.F. 1983. On creep enhanced by a liquid phase Acta Metallurgica 31, 129-38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitcher, W.S. 1990. The nature, ascent and emplacement of granitic magmas. Journal of the Geological Society, London 136, 627-62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, R.P.W. 2004. Testing the partial melting of a basaltic under- plate: origin of Cretaceous granitoids in Fiordland, New Zealand. MSc. Thesis, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.Google Scholar
Rapp, R.P., Watson, E.B. & Miller, C.F. 1991. Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalités. Precambrian Research 51, 1-25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, R.P., Shimizu, N., Norman, M.D. & Applegate, G.S. 1999. Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3-8 GPa. Chemical Geology 160, 335-56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, R.P. & Watson, E.B. 1995. Dehydration melting of meta-basalt at 8-32 kbar: implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. Journal of Petrology 36, 891-931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richter, F.M. & McKenzie, D.P. 1984. Dynamical models for melt segregation from a deformable matrix. Journal of Geology 92, 729-40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rollinson, H. 2006. Crustal generation in the Archean. In Brown, M. & Rushmer, T. (eds) Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust, 173-230. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, C. & Handy, M. 2005. Experimental deformation of partially melted granite revisited: implications for the continental crust. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 23, 19-28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushmer, T. 1991. Partial melting of two amphibolites: Contrasting experimental results under fluid-absent conditions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 107, 41-59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushmer, T. 2001. Volume change during partial melting reactions: Implications for melt extraction, melt geochemistry and crustal rheology. Tectonophysics 34 (2/3-4), 389-405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawyer, E.W. 1994. Melt segregation in the continental crust. Geology 22, 1019-22.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawyer, E.W. 1996. Melt segregation and magma flow in migmatites: implications for the generation of granitic magmas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 87, 85-94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiegleman, M. & Kenyon, P. 1992. The requirements for chemical disequilibrium during magma migration. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 109 (3-4), 611-20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tulloch, A.J. & Kimbrough, D.L. 2003. Paired plutonic belts in convergent margin and the development of high Sr/Y magmatism: The Peninsular Ranges Batholith of California and the Median Batholith of New Zealand. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 374.Google Scholar
van der Molen, I. & Paterson, M.S. 1979. Experimental deformation of partially melted granite. Contributions to Mineralogy Petrology 70, 299-318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vicenzi, E.P., Rapp, R.P. & Watson, E.B. 1998. Crystal/Meit Wetting Characteristics in Partially Molten Amphibolite. EOS 69, 482.Google Scholar
von Bargen, N. & Waff, H.S. 1986. Permeabilities, interfacial areas and curvatures of partially molten systems: results of numerical computations of equilibrium microstructures. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 9261-76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wark, D.A. & Watson, E.B. 1998. Grain-scale permeabilities of texturally equilibrated, monomineralic rocks, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 164, 591-605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham, S.M. 1987. The segregation and emplacement of granitic magmas. Journal of the Geological Society, London 144, 281-29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, M.B. & Wyllie, P.J. 1991. Dehydration melting of solid amphibolite at 10 kbar: Textural development, liquid interconnectivity and applications to the segregation of magmas. Mineralogy and Petrology 44, 151-79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, M.B. & Wyllie, P.J. 1994. Dehydration melting of amphibolite at 10 kbar: The effects of temperature and time. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 115, 369-83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar