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First Global Consensus for Evidence-Based Management of the Hematopoietic Syndrome Resulting From Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2013

Nicholas Dainiak ,
Robert Nicolas Gent ,
Zhanat Carr ,
Rita Schneider ,
Judith Bader ,
Elena Buglova ,
Nelson Chao ,
C. Norman Coleman ,
Arnold Ganser  and
Claude Gorin
...Show all authors
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Abstract

Objective: Hematopoietic syndrome (HS) is a clinical diagnosis assigned to people who present with ≥1 new-onset cytopenias in the setting of acute radiation exposure. The World Health Organization convened a panel of experts to evaluate the evidence and develop recommendations for medical countermeasures for the management of HS in a hypothetical scenario involving the hospitalization of 100 to 200 individuals exposed to radiation. The objective of this consultancy was to develop recommendations for treatment of the HS based upon the quality of evidence.

Methods: English-language articles were identified in MEDLINE and PubMed. Reference lists of retrieved articles were distributed to panel members before the meeting and updated during the meeting. Published case series and case reports of individuals with HS, published randomized controlled trials of relevant interventions used to treat nonirradiated individuals, reports of studies in irradiated animals, and prior recommendations of subject matter experts were selected. Studies were extracted using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. In cases in which data were limited or incomplete, a narrative review of the observations was made. No randomized controlled trials of medical countermeasures have been completed for individuals with radiation-associated HS. The use of GRADE analysis of countermeasures for injury to hematopoietic tissue was restricted by the lack of comparator groups in humans. Reliance on data generated in nonirradiated humans and experimental animals was necessary.

Results: Based upon GRADE analysis and narrative review, a strong recommendation was made for the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and a weak recommendation was made for the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions: Assessment of therapeutic interventions for HS in humans exposed to nontherapeutic radiation is difficult because of the limits of the evidence.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:202-212)

Keywords

countermeasures for ARScytokines and radiation injurytransplantation for ARSacute radiation syndrome managementradiation effectshematologic diseasesbone marrow transplantationstem cell transplantationreviewsgranulocyte colony-stimulating factorgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Type
Review Article
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , October 2011 , pp. 202 - 212
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2011

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