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Neuromotor development from 5 to 18 years. Part 1: timed performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2001

Remo H Largo
Affiliation:
Growth and Development Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Jon A Caflisch
Affiliation:
Growth and Development Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Franziska Hug
Affiliation:
Growth and Development Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Kathrin Muggli
Affiliation:
Growth and Development Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Attila A Molnar
Affiliation:
Growth and Development Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Luciano Molinari
Affiliation:
Growth and Development Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstr. 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Anne Sheehy
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Theo Gasser
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Abstract

Timed performance in specific motor tasks is an essential component of a neurological examination applied to children with motor dysfunctions. This article provides centile curves describing normal developmental course and interindividual variation of timed performances of non-disabled children from 5 to 18 years. In a cross-sectional study (n=662) the following motor tasks were investigated: repetitive finger movements, hand and foot movements, alternating hand and foot movements, sequential finger movements, pegboard, and dynamic and static balance. Intraobserver, interobserver, and test–retest reliability for timed measurements were moderate to high. Timed performances improved throughout the entire prepubertal period, but differed among various motor tasks with respect to increase in speed and when the ‘adolescent plateau’ was reached. Centile curves of timed performance displayed large interindividual variation for all motor tasks. At no age were clinically relevant sex differences noted, nor did socioeconomic status significantly correlate with timed performance. Our results demonstrate that timed motor performances between 5 and 18 years are characterized by a long-lasting developmental change and a large interindividual variation. Therefore, a well standardized test instrument, and age-specific standards for motor performances are necessary preconditions for a reliable assessment of motor competence in school-age children.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
© 2001 Mac Keith Press

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