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Effects of prenatal substance exposure on infant temperament vary by context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2015

Robin L. Locke ,
Linda L. Lagasse ,
Ronald Seifer ,
Barry M. Lester ,
Seetha Shankaran ,
Henrietta S. Bada  and
Charles R. Bauer
Robin L. Locke*
Affiliation:
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Linda L. Lagasse
Affiliation:
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Ronald Seifer
Affiliation:
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University E. P. Bradley Hospital
Barry M. Lester
Affiliation:
Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Seetha Shankaran
Affiliation:
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Henrietta S. Bada
Affiliation:
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Charles R. Bauer
Affiliation:
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Robin L. Locke, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747; E-mail: rlocke@umassd.edu.
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Abstract

This was a prospective longitudinal multisite study of the effects of prenatal cocaine and/or opiate exposure on temperament in 4-month-olds of the Maternal Lifestyle Study (N = 958: 366 cocaine exposed, 37 opiate exposed, 33 exposed to both drugs, 522 matched comparison). The study evaluated positivity and negativity during The Behavior Assessment of Infant Temperament (Garcia Coll et al., 1988). Parents rated temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire; Rothbart, 1981). Cocaine-exposed infants showed less positivity overall, mainly during activity and threshold items, more negativity during sociability items, and less negativity during irritability and threshold items. Latent profile analysis indicated individual temperament patterns were best described by three groups: low/moderate overall reactivity, high social negative reactivity, and high nonsocial negative reactivity. Infants with heavy cocaine exposure were more likely in high social negative reactivity profile, were less negative during threshold items, and required longer soothing intervention. Cocaine- and opiate-exposed infants scored lower on Infant Behavior Questionnaire smiling and laughter and duration of orienting scales. Opiate-exposed infants were rated as less respondent to soothing. By including a multitask measure of temperament we were able to show context-specific behavioral dysregulation in prenatally cocaine-exposed infants. The findings indicate flatter temperament may be specific to nonsocial contexts, whereas social interactions may be more distressing for cocaine-exposed infants.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , May 2016 , pp. 309 - 326
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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