Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T06:18:54.545Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Popular Groups, Popular Culture, and Popular Religion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

Daniel H. Levine
Daniel H. Levine
Affiliation:
The University of Michigan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

This paper examines the emergence and character of popular religious groups and considers their implications for long-term cultural change in Latin America. Particular attention is given to the link between religious change and the creation of a popular subject, a set of confident, articulate and capable men and women, from hitherto silent, unorganized, and dispirited populations. I argue here that creation of such a popular subject is nurtured by transformations in key expressions of popular religion, by the way these take form in new patterns of community organization and group solidarity, and by efforts to rework the ties that bind popular groups to dominant institutions.

Type
The Cohesion of Political Groups
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , October 1990 , pp. 718 - 764
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abel, C. 1987. Politico, Iglesia, y Partidos en Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Google Scholar
Adriance, M. 1986. Opting for the Poor. New York: Sheed and Ward.Google Scholar
Agulhon, M. 1982. The Republic in the Village. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Americas, Watch. 1986. The Central-Americanization of Colombia? Human Rights and the Peace Process. New York: The Americas Watch Committee.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1988. Colombia Briefing. New York: Amnesty International Publications.Google Scholar
Ashcraft, R. 1981. “Political Theory and Political Action in Karl Mannheim's Thought: Reflections upon Ideology and Utopia and its Critics.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 23:1 (01), 23–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azevedo, M. 1987. Basic Ecclesial Communities in Brazil. The Challenge of a New Way of Being Church. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Bagley, B. 1989. The State and the Peasantry in Contemporary Colombia (Latin American Issues Monograph Series no. 6). Meadville, Pa.: Allegheny College.Google Scholar
Becker, M. 1987. “Black and White in Color: Cardinismo and the Search for a Campesino Ideology.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 29:3 (07), 453–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergquist, C. 1986. Labor in Latin America. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Berry, A. 1978. “Rural Poverty in Twentieth Century Colombia.” Journal of InterAmerican Studies, 20:4, 363–73.Google Scholar
Berryman, P. 1984. Religious Roots of Rebellion: Christians in the Central American Revolutions. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Berryman, P. 1987. Liberation Theology. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Brockman, J. 1983. The Word Remains: A Life of Oscar Romero. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Bruneau, T. 1974. The Political Transformation of the Brazilian Catholic Church. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bruneau, T. 1982. The Church in Brazil. The Politics of Religion. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bruneau, T. 1985. “Church and Politics in Brazil: The Genesis of Change.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 17:2, 271–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruneau, T. 1986. “Brazil: The Catholic Church and Basic Christian Communities,” in Religion and Political Conflict in Latin America, Levine, D., ed. 106–23. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Carillo, Bedoya J. 1981. Los Paws Civicos en Colombia. Bogota: Editorial La Oveja Negra.Google Scholar
Carney, J. 1987. To Be a Christian is to Be a Revolutionary. San Francisco: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Carrigan, A. 1984. Salvador Witness. The Life and Calling of Jean Donovan. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Castells, M. 1983. The City and The Grassroots. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gumilla, Centro. 1979. “Projecto Campesinos.” Barquisimeto: Centra Gumilla. (Mimeograph).Google Scholar
Gumilla, Centro. 1980. “Rescatando Campesinos Caficultores.” Burquisimeto: Centro Gumilla.(Mimeograph).Google Scholar
Childers, V. E. 1974. Human Resources Development: Venezuela. Bloomington, Ind.: International Development Research Center.Google Scholar
Christian, W. 1981. Local Religion in Sixteenth Century Spain. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, N. Z. 1974. “Some Tasks and Themes in the Study of Popular Religion,” in The Pursuit of Holiness in Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Religion, Trinkaus, C. and Obermann, H., eds., 307–36. Leiden: E. J. Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delia, Cava R. 1973. Miracle at Joaseiro. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Dodson, M. 1986. “Nicaragua: The Struggle for the Church,” in Religion and Political Conflict in Latin America, Levine, D., ed., 79–105. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Drogus, C. 1988. “Reconstructing the Feminine: Gender, Class, Religion, and Politics in Brazilian Base Communities.” Paper presented to the Northeastern Political Science Association, Providence, R.I., November 10–12.Google Scholar
Eckstein, S. 1979. The Poverty of Revolution. The State and the Urban Poor in Mexico. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Eckstein, S. 1989. Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. 1968. Islam Observed. Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Giraldo, J. 1985. Paros y movimientos civicos en Colombia. Bogotá: CINEP, Controversia 128.Google Scholar
Grindle, M. 1986. State and Countryside. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, G. 1985. We Drink From Our Own Wells. Maryknoll, N.Y. Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Hartlyn, J. 1988. The Politics of Coalition Rule in Colombia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hewitt, W. E. 1986. “Strategies for Change Employed By Communidades Eclesiais de Base (CEB's) in the Archdiocese of Sao Paulo.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 25:1, 16–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewitt, W. E. 1987. “The Influence of Social Class on Activity Preferences of Communidades Eclesiais de Base (CEB's) in the Archdiocese of Sao Paulo.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 19:1 (05), 141–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochschild, J. 1981. What's Fair? American Beliefs About Distributive Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Inter-American Development Bank. 1986. Economic and Social Progress in Latin America, 1986. Special Section: Agricultural Development. Washington: InterAmerican Development Bank.Google Scholar
Inter-American Development Bank. 1987. Economic and Social Progress in Latin America, 1987. Special Section: Labor Force in Employment. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank.Google Scholar
Kincaid, D. 1987. “Peasants into Rebels. Community and Class in Rural El Salvador.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 29:3 (07), 466–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kselman, T. 1985. Miracles and Prophecies in Nineteenth Century France. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Kselman, T. 1986. “Ambivalence and Assumption in the Concept of Popular Religion,” in Religion and Political Conflict in Latin America, Levine, D., ed., 27–41. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Lang, J. 1988. Inside Development in Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Leal, Buitrago F. 1984. Estado y Politico en Colombia. Bogotá: Siglo XXI de Colombia.Google Scholar
Leal, Buitrago F. 1988. “Democracia Oligárquica y Rearticulación de la Sociedad Civil: El Caso Colombiano.” Paper prepared for a “Seminario Intemacional Sobre Perspectivas de la Estabilidad Democrática en los Países Andinos dentro de un Marco Comparativo,”Villa de Leiva, Colombia, August.Google Scholar
Levine, D. 1973. Conflict and Political Change in Venezuela. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Levine, D. 1980. Churches and Politics in Latin America. Beverly Hills: SAGE.Google Scholar
Levine, D. 1981. Religion and Politics in Latin America: The Catholic Church in Venezuela and Colombia. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, D. 1985a. “Continuities in Colombia.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 17:2, 295–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, D1985b. “Religion and Politics: Drawing Lines, Understanding Change.” Latin American Research Review, 20:1, 185–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, D. 1986a. “Colombia: The Institutional Church and the Popular,” in Religion and Political Conflict in Latin America, Levine, D., eds., 187–217. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Levine, D. 1986b. Religion and Political Conflict in Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Levine, D. 1986c. “Religion and Politics in Comparative and Historical Perspective.” Comparative Politics, 19:1, 95–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, D. 1987. “Holiness, Faith, Power, Politics.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 26:4, 551–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, D. 1988. “Assessing the Impacts of Liberation Theology in Latin America.” The Review of Politics, 50:2, 241–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, D. 1989. “Venezuela: The Origins, Nature and Prospects of Democracy,” in Latin America, vol. 4 of Democracy in Developing Countries, Lipset, S., Linz, J., and Diamond, L., eds., 246–89. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Levine, D. Forthcoming. Popular Voices in Latin American Catholicism.Google Scholar
Levine, D.; Mainwaring, S. 1989. “Religion and Popular Protest in Latin America: Contrasting Experiences,” in Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements, Eckstein, S., ed., 203–40. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Levine, D.; Wilde, A. 1977. “The Catholic Church, ‘Politics,’ and Violence: The Colombian Case,” The Review of Politics, 39:2, 220–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, S. 1986a. The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil, 1916–1985. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, S. 1986b. “Brazil: The Catholic Church and the Popular Movement in Nova Iguagu, 1974–1985,” in Religion and Political Conflict in Latin America, Levine, D., ed., 124–55. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, S.; Viola, E. 1986. “New Social Movements, Political Culture, and Democracy: Brazil and Argentina in the 1980s.” Telos, no. 61, 17–52.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, S.; Wilde, A. 1989. The Progressive Church in Latin America. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Malave, Mata H. 1987. Los Extravíos del Poder. Euforia y Crisis del Populismo en Venezuela. Caracas: Universidad Central De Venezuela.Google Scholar
Mannheim, K. 1936. Ideology and Utopia. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.Google Scholar
Mauss, M. [1909] 1970. “La Oración,” in M. Mauss, Lo Sagrado y Lo Profano, Obras I. Barcelona: Barral Editores.Google Scholar
Mignone, E. 1988. Witness to the Truth. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Morris, A. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Obelkevich, J. 1979. Religion and the People, 800–1700. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Palacios, M. 1980. Coffee in Colombia, 1850–1970. An Economic, Social and Political History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pásara, L. 1986. Radicalización y Conflicto en la Iglesia Peruana. Lima: Ediciones Virrey.Google Scholar
Pásara, L. 1989. “Peru: The Leftist Angels,” in The Progressive Church in Latin America, Mainwaring, S. and Wilde, A., eds., 276–327. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Pearce, J. 1986. The Promised Land. Peasant Rebellion in Chalatenango, El Salvador. London: Latin America Bureau.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perlman, J. 1976. The Myth of Marginality. Politics and Urban Poverty in Rio de Janeiro. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Piven, F. F. and Cloward, R. 1979. Poor Peoples' Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Portes, A. 1972. “Rationality in the Slum: An Essay on Interpretive Sociology.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 14:3 (06), 268–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portes, A. 1985. “Latin American Class Structures: Their Composition and Change During the Last Decades.” Latin American Research Review, 20:3, 7–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portes, A.; Walton, J. 1976. Urban Latin America: The Political Condition From Above and From Below. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, R. 1987. “Institutional Performance and Political Culture: Some Puzzles About the Power of the Past.”Paper presented at meetings of the American Political Science Association,Chicago,September 1987.Google Scholar
Raboteau, A. 1978. Slave Religion. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Relensberg, N.; Karner, H.; Kohler, V. 1979. Los Pobres de Venezuela. Autoorganización de Los Pobladores: Un Informe Crítico. Caracas: El Cid.Google Scholar
Romero, C. 1989. “The Peruvian Church: Change and Continuity,” in The Progressive Church in Latin America, Mainwaring, S. and Wilde, A., eds., 253–75. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Romero, O. A. 1985. Voice of the Voiceless. The Four Pastoral Letters and Other Statements. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Roseberry, W. 1983. Coffee and Capitalism in the Venezuelan Andes. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Roseberry, W. 1986. “Images of the Peasant in the Consciousness of the Venezuelan Proletariat,” in Proletarians and Protest. The Roots of Class Formation in An Industrializing World, Hanagan, M. and Stephenson, C., eds., 149–69. New York: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Sánchez, G.; Meertens, D. 1983. Bandoleros, Gamonales, y Campesinos: El Caso de la Violencia en Colombia. Bogotá: El Arcora.Google Scholar
Santamariá, Salamanca R.; Silva, Lujan G. 1986. “Colombia in the Eighties. A Political Regime in Transition.” Caribbean Review, 14:1, 12–15.Google Scholar
Santana, P. 1983. Desarrollo Regional y Paws Cívicos en Colombia, Bogotá: CINEP, Controversia no. 107–08.Google Scholar
Sāo, Paulo, Archdiocese of. 1978. Sāo Paulo Growth and Poverty. London: The Bowerdean Press.Google Scholar
Scott, J. 1985. Weapons of the Weak. Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Segundo, J. L. 1985. Theology and The Church. Minneapolis: Winston Press.Google Scholar
Sheahan, J. 1987. Patterns of Development in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sklar, R. 1987. “Developmental Democracy.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 29:2, 686–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slater, C. 1986. Trail of Miracles. Tales From a Pilgrimage in North East Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, B. 1982. The Church and Politics in Chile. Challenges to Modern Catholicism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobrino, J. 1985. “A Theologian's View of Oscar Romero,” in Voice of The Voiceless, Romero, O. A., ed., 22–51. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Thompson, E. P. 1966. The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Thompson, E. P. 1978. “Eighteenth Century English Society: Class Struggle Without Class?” Social History, 38:2, 138–65.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, A. de. 1961. Democracy in America. New York: Schocken.Google Scholar
Turner, V.; Turner, E. 1978. Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Urrutia, M. 1985. Winners and Losers in Colombia's Economic Growth of the 1970s. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Velez-Ibañez, C. 1983. Rituals of Marginality. Politics, Process, Culture Change in Central Urban Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Walton, J. 1977. Elites and Economic Development. Comparative Studies in the Political Economy of Latin American Cities. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Walzer, M. 1985. Exodus and Revolution. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Weber, E. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen. The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, M. 1978. Economy and Society, 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Weisbrot, M. 1983. Father Divine. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, R. 1988. The Restructuring of American Religion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamosc, L. 1986. The Agrarian Question and the Peasant Movement in Colombia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaret, D. 1985. The Heavenly Contract: Ideology and Organization in Pre-Revolutionary Puritanism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar