Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-06T16:16:48.025Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Microstructure of Three Na+ Smectites: The Importance of Particle Geometry on Dehydration and Rehydration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Frederic Hetzel ,
Daniel Tessier ,
Anne-Marie Jaunet  and
Harvey Doner
Frederic Hetzel
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Daniel Tessier
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, France
Anne-Marie Jaunet
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, France
Harvey Doner
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Recent pedological evidence of the widespread distribution of beidellites in soils indicates the need for a greater knowledge of the effect of charge location on the microstructural organization of Na+ smectite in gels. After equilibration at a suction pressure of 3.2 kPa before and after desiccation, TEM observations showed large differences between a beidellite and both a low and high charge montmorillonite. Monolayers were rare; individual layers were instead organized in particles with larger interparticle distances. This has implication for theories relating swelling pressures to interlayer distances or surface areas and implies the need for a geometrical approach to the study of swelling in smectites. Location of isomorphous substitution in the tetrahedral sheet of smectites results in an increased lateral extension of overlapping layers. This was reflected in a greater capacity to rehydrate after desiccation. Increased number of layers in particles were found with increasing surface charge density. The geometric organization of the particles is critical to the understanding of the ability of Na+ smectite to hold water against an applied suction.

Keywords

BeidelliteLayer chargeMicrostructureMontmorilloniteParticleSmectiteTEM
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , June 1994 , pp. 242 - 248
Copyright
Copyright © 1994, Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Annabi-Bergaya, F., Cruz, M. I., Gatineau, L., and Fripiat, J. J., (1980) Adsorption of alcohols by smectites. Role of exchangeable cations: Clay Miner. 15, 219–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aragoneses, F. J., and Garcia-Gonzalez, M. T., (1991) Highcharge smectite in Spanish “Raña” soils: Clays & Clay Minerals 39, 211–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badraoui, M., and Bloom, P. R., (1990) Iron-rich high-charge beidellite in verstisols and mollisols of the high Chaouia region of Morocco: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 54, 267–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badraoui, M., Bloom, P. R., and Rust, R. H., (1987) Occurrence of high-charge beidellite in a vertic haplaquoll of Northwestern Minnesota: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 51, 813–818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben Rhaiem, H., Pons, C. H., and Tessier, D., (1987) Factors affecting the microstructure of smectites: Role of cation and history of applied stresses: in Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Denver, Schultz, L. G., Olphen, H. van, and Mumpton, F. A., eds., 292–297.Google Scholar
Callaghan, I. C., and Ottewill, R. H., (1974) Interparticle forces in montmorillonite gels: Disc. Faraday Soc. 57, 110–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J. S., Cushman, J. H., and Low, P. F., (1990) Rheological behavior of Na-montmorillonite suspensions at low electrolyte concentration. Clays & Clay Minerals 38, 57–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, M. D., (1953) Geochemical studies of clay minerals. II. Relation between ionic substitution and swelling in montmorillonites: Amer. Mineral. 38, 994–1006.Google Scholar
Hetzel, F., and Doner, H. E., (1993) Some colloidal properties of beidellite: Comparison with low and high charge montmorillonites: Clays & Clay Minerals, 41, 453–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M. L., (1979) Soil Chemical Analysis-Advanced Course; 2nd ed., Madison, Wisconsin, 895 pp.Google Scholar
Lim, C. H., and Jackson, M. L., (1984) Mineralogy of soils developed in periglacial deposits of Southwestern Canada: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 48, 684–687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, P. F., (1980) The swelling of clay. II. Montmorillonites: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 44, 667–676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, P. F., (1987) Structural component of the swelling pressure of clays: Langmuir 3, 18–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubetkin, S. D., Middleton, S. R., and Ottewill, R. H., (1984) Some properties of clay-water dispersions: Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 311, 353–368.Google Scholar
Mulla, D. J., and Low, P. F., (1983) The molar absorptivity of interparticle water in clay-water systems: J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 95, 51–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odom, J. W., and Low, P. F., (1978) Relation between swelling, surface area and b dimension of Na-montmorillonites: Clays & Clay Minerals 26, 345–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, J. C., (1986) Hydrostatics of water in porous media: in Soil Physical Chemistry, Sparks, D. L., ed., CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 209–296.Google Scholar
Pons, C. H., Tessier, D., Rhaiem, Ben, and Tchoubar, D., (1982) A comparison between X-ray studies and electron microscopy of smectite fabric: in Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Bologna, Pavia, Olphen, H. van and Veniale, F., eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam , 177–183.Google Scholar
Quirk, J. P., (1955) Significance of surface areas calculated from water vapor sorption isotherms by use of the B.E.T. equation: Soil Sci. 80, 423–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, R. A., and Stokes, R. H., (1970) Electrolyte Solutions. Butterworths, London, 571 p.Google Scholar
Robert, M., Hardy, M., and Elsass, F., (1991) Crystallochemistry, properties and organization of soil clays derived from major sedimentary rocks in France: Clay Miner. 26, 409–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salle de Chou, J., Low, P. F., and Roth, C. B., (1980) Absorption of infrared radiation by D20 and DHO mixed with montmorillonite: Clays & Clay Minerals 28, 111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shomer, I., and Mingelgrin, U., (1978) A direct procedure for determining the number of plates in tactoids of smectites: The Na/Ca-montmorillonite case: Clays & Clay Minerals 26, 135–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sposito, G., and LeVesque, C. S., (1985) Sodium-calcium-magnesium exchange on Silver Hill illite: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 49, 1153–1159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stucki, J. W., and Tessier, D., (1990) Effects of iron oxidation state on the texture and structural order of Na-nontronite gels: Clays & Clay Minerals 39, 137–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tessier, D., (1984) Etude experimentale de l'organisation des materiaux argileux: Doctoral thesis, University of Paris, 361 p.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., (1991) Behaviour and microstructure of clay minerals: in Soil Colloids and Their Associations in Aggregates, De Boodt, M. F., Hayes, M. H. B., and Herbillon, A., eds., Plenum Press, New York, 387–415.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., (1993) Electron microscopic studies of clay microstructure: in Clay Swelling and Expansive Soils, Baveye, P., and Bryte, M. Mac, eds., NATO Advanced Series, Plenem Press, New York.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., and Berrier, J., (1979) Utilisation de la microscopie électronique á balayage dans l'étude des sols. Observations des sols humides soumis á differents pF: Science du Sol 1, 67–82.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., and Grimaldi, M., (1993) Comportement et organisation des pates d'argiles. Importance des cycles de desiccation-humectation: in Materiaux Finements Divises, Yvon, J., ed., Societe Francaise Mineralogie Cristallographie.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., and Pedro, G., (1982) Electron microscopy study of Na smectite fabric. Role of layer charge, salt concentration and suction parameter: in Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Bologna, Pavia, Olphen, H. van and Veniale, F., eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam , 165–176.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., and Pedro, G., (1987) Mineralogical characterization of 2: 1 clays in soils: Importance of the clay texture: in Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Denver, Schultz, L. G., Olphen, H. van, and Mumpton, F. A., eds., 78–84. The Clay Minerals Society, Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
van Olphen, H., (1977) An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry: Wiley-Interscience, New York, 318 pp.Google Scholar
Viani, B. E., Low, P. F., and Roth, C. B., (1983) Direct measurement of the relation between interlayer force and interlayer distance in the swelling of montmorillonite: J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 96, 229–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warkentin, B. P., Bolt, G. H., and Miller, R. D., (1957) Swelling pressure of montmorillonite: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 21, 495–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, C. E., and Pollard, L. D., (1973) Smectite: in The Chemistry of Clay Minerals: Developments in Sedimentology 15, Elsevier, Amsterdam , 55–86.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. J., (1987) Soil smectites and related interstratified minerals: Recent developments: in Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Denver, Schultz, L. G., Olphen, H. van, and Mumpton, F. A., eds. The Clay Minerals Society, Bloomingston, IN, 167–173.Google Scholar