Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T10:23:19.045Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preparation and catalytic activities of porous clay heterostructures from aluminium-intercalated clays: effect of Al content

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

Fethi Kooli ,
Yan Liu ,
Kais Hbaieb  and
Rawan Al-Faze
Fethi Kooli*
Affiliation:
Taibah University-Al-Mahd Branch, Community College, Al-Mahd 44412, Saudi Arabia
Yan Liu
Affiliation:
Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
Kais Hbaieb
Affiliation:
Mechanical Engineering Department, Taibah University, POB 141 Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
Rawan Al-Faze
Affiliation:
Taibah University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41447, Saudi Arabia
*
*E-mail: fkooli@taibahu.edu.sa
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Porous clay heterostructures were prepared from Al-intercalated clays, and they allowed the insertion of Al into the framework of intercalated silica in porous clay heterostructures (PCHs). This method has led to tuneable Al contents within the resulting porous clay heterostructures. X-ray fluorescence confirmed the presence of Al in the intercalated precursors and their derivatives (porous clay heterostructure materials) in various environments, as indicated by 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The Al porous clay heterostructures exhibited specific surface areas that varied from 743 to 850 m2/g with total acid concentrations which varied from 0.969 to 1.420 mmol of protons/g of material, values which were deduced from the temperature desorption of cyclohexylamine. These acid sites were sufficiently strong to initiate the hydro-isomerization of n-heptane. The catalytic properties of the porous clay heterostructures depended on the Al contents and reached a maximum conversion rate of 50% and an isomer selectivity of 70% at a test reaction temperature of 350°C.

Keywords

clay mineralspillared claysporous heterostructure claysmesoporous materialshydro-isomerization
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 52 , Issue 4 , December 2017 , pp. 521 - 535
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, J.M. & McCabe, R.W. (2006) Clay minerals as catalysts. Pp. 541-581 in: Handbook of Clay Science (F. Bergaya, B.K.G. Theng & G. Lagaly, editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Ahenach, J., Cool, P. & Vansant, E.F. (2000) Enhanced Brönsted acidity created upon Al-grafting of porous clay heterostructures. Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, 2, 5750-5755.Google Scholar
Belver, C., Aranda, P., Martin-Luengo, M.A. & Ruiz-Hitzky, E. (2012) New silica/alumina-clay heterostructures: properties as acid catalysts. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 147, 157–66.Google Scholar
Benjelloun, M., Cool, P., Van Der Voort, P. & Vansant, E.F. (2002) Template extraction from porous clay heterostructures: Influence on the porosity and the hydrothermal stability of the materials. Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, 4, 2818-2823.Google Scholar
Borges, R., Dutra, L.M., Barison, A. & Wypych, F. (2016) MAS NMR and EPR study of structural changes in talc and montmorillonite induced by grinding. Clay Minerals, 51, 69–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breen, C. (1991) Thermogravimetric study of the desorp-tion of cyclohexylamine and pyridine from an acid-treated Wyoming bentonite. Clay Minerals, 28, 473–486.Google Scholar
Breen, C., Madejová, J. & Komadel, P. (1995) Characterisation of moderately acid-treated, size-fractionated montmorillonites using IR and MAS NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 5, 469–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W. & Hoffmann, R.W. (1962) Orientation and packing aliphatic chain molecules in montmorillonites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 9, 546–556.Google Scholar
Carretero, M.I. & Pozo, M. (2009) Clay and non-clay minerals in the pharmaceutical industry: Part I. Excipients and medical applications. Applied Clay Science, 46, 73–80.Google Scholar
Carretero, M.I., Gomes CS.F. & Tateo, F. (2006) Clays and human health. Pp. 717-742 in: Handbook of Clay Science (F. Bergaya, B.K.G. Theng & G. Lagaly, editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Cecilia, J.A., Garcia-Sancho, C. & Franco, F. (2013) Montmorillonite based porous clay heterostructures: Influence of Zr in the structure and acidic properties. Microporous and Mesporous Materials, 176, 95–102.Google Scholar
Chmielarz, L., Gil, B., Kustrowski, P., Piwowarska, Z., Dudek, B. & Michalik, M. (2009) Montmorillonite-based porous clay heterostructures (PCHs) intercalated with silica-titania pillars - synthesis and characteriza-tion. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 182, 1094–1104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chmielarz, L., PiwowarskaZ., Kustrowski, P., Wegrzyn, A., Gil, B., Kowalczyk, A., Dudek, B., Dziembaj, R. & Michalik, M. (2011) Comparison study of titania pillared interlayered clays and porous clay hetero-structures modified with copper and iron as cataly sts of the DeNOx process. Applied Clay Sciences, 51, 164–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choy, J.H., Yoon, J.B., Jung, H. & Park, J.H. (2004) Zr K-Edge XAS and 29Si MAS NMR studies on hexagonal mesoporous zirconium silicate. Journal of Porous Materials, 11, 123–129.Google Scholar
Deldari, H. (2005) Suitable catalysts for hydroisomeriza-tion of long-chain normal paraffins. Applied Catalysis A: General, 293, 1–10.Google Scholar
Eswaramoorthi, I., Geetha Bhavani, A. & Lingappan, N. (2003) Activity, selectivity and stability of Ni-Pt loaded zeolite-b and mordenite catalysts for hydro-isomerisation of n-heptane. Applied Catalysis A: General, 253, 469–486.Google Scholar
Galarneau, A., Barodawalla, A. & Pinnavaia, J.T. (1995) Porous clay heterostructures formed by gallery-templated synthesis. Nature, 374, 529–531.Google Scholar
Garea, S.A., Mihal, A.R., Vasile, E. & Voicu, G. (2014) Synthesis and characterization of porous clay heterostructures. Revista de Chimie, 65, 640–656.Google Scholar
Ghadiri, M., Chrzanowski W & Rohanizadeh, R. (2015) Biomedical applications of cationic clay minerals. Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 5, 29467-29481.Google Scholar
Ghanbari-Siahkali, A., Philippou, A., Dwyer, J. & Anderson, M.W. (2000) The acidity and catalytic activity of heteropoly acid on MCM-41 investigated by MAS NMR, FTIR and catalytic tests. Applied Catalysis A: General, 192, 57–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González, E., Rodríguez, D., Huerta, L. & Moronta, A. (2009) Isomerization of 1-Butene catalyzed by surfactant-modified, Al2O3-pillared clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 7, 383–391.Google Scholar
Hidalgo, J.M., Zbuzek, M., Cemy, R. & Jisa, P. (2014) Current uses and trends in catalytic isomerization, alkylation and etherification processes to improve gasoline quality. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 12, 1–13.Google Scholar
Jones, W (1988) The structure and properties of pillared clays. Catalysis Today, 2, 357–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kloprogge, J.T. (1998) Synthesis of smectites and porous pillared clay catalysts: A review. Journal of Porous Materials, 5, 5–41.Google Scholar
Kloprogge, J.T., Booy, E., Jansen, J.B.H. & Geus, J.W. (1994) The effect of thermal treatment on the properties of hydroxy-Al and hydroxy-Ga pillared montmorillonite and beidellite. Clay Minerals, 29, 153–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kooli, F. (2014a) Porous clay heterostructures (PCHs) from Al13-intercalated and Al13-pillared montmorillonites: Properties and heptane hydro-isomerization catalytic activity. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 184, 184–192.Google Scholar
Kooli, F. (2014b) Organo-bentonites with improved cetyltrimethylammonium contents. Clay Minerals, 49, 683–692.Google Scholar
Kooli, F. & Jones W (1997) Systematic comparison of a saponite clay pillared with Al and Zr metal oxides. Chemistry of Materials, 9, 2913–2920.Google Scholar
Kooli, F., Bovey, J. & Jones W (1997) Dependence of the properties of Ti-pillared clays on the host matrix: a comparison of montmorillonite, saponite and rectorite pillared materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7, 153–158.Google Scholar
Kooli, F., Khimyak, Y.Z., Alshahateet, S.F. & Chen, F. (2005) Effect of the acid activation levels of montmorillonite clay on the cetyltrimethylammonium cations adsorption. Langmuir, 21, 8717–8723.Google Scholar
Kooli, F., Hian, P.C., Weirong, Q., Alshahateet, S.F., Carriazo, D., Martin, C. & Rivers V (2006a) Porous clay heterostructures from Al13 intercalated montmorillonites: synthesis and characterization. Clay Science (supplement 2), 12, 295–300.Google Scholar
Kooli, F., Hian, P.C., Weirong, Q., Alshahateet, S.F. & Fengxi, C. (2006b) Effect of the acid-activated clays on the properties of porous clay heterostructures. Journal of Porous Materials, 13, 319–324.Google Scholar
Kooli, F., Yan, L., Alshahateet, S.F., Siril, P. & Brown, R. (2008) Effect of pillared clays on the hydroisome-rization of n-heptane. Catalysis Today, 131, 244–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kooli, F., Liu, Y., Tan, S.X. & Zheng, J. (2014) Organoclays from alkaline-treated acid-activated clays. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 115, 1465–1475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kooli, F., Liu, Y., Hbaieb, K. & Al-Faze, R. (2016) Characterization and catalytic properties of porous clay heterostructures from zirconium intercalated clay and its pillared derivatives. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 226, 482–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Guan, Y., Li, C., Lian, J., Gan, G.J., Chew Lim, E. & Kooli, F. (2006a) Effect of ZnO additives and acid treatment on catalytic performance of Pt/WO3/ZrO2for n-C7 hydroisomerization. Journal of Catalysis, 244, 17–23.Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Guo, W., Zhao, X.S., Lian, J., Dou, J. & Kooli, F. (2006b) Zeolite beta catalysts for n-C7 hydroisomerization. Journal of Porous Materials, 13, 359–364.Google Scholar
Lopez-Galindo, A., Viseras, C. & Cerezo, P. (2007) Compositional, technical and safety specifications of clays to be used as pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Applied Clay Science, 36, 51–63.Google Scholar
Martinez-Oritz, M.J., Fetter, G., Dominguez, J.M., Melo-Banda, J.A. & Ramos-Gomez, R. (2003) Catalytic hydrotreating of heavy vacuum gas oil on Al- and Ti-pillared clays prepared by conventional and micro-wave irradiation methods. Microporous Mesoporous Materials, 58, 73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mokaya, R. & Jones, W. (1995) Pillared clays and pillared acid-activated clays: a comparative-study of physical, acidic, and catalytic properties. Journal of Catalysis, 153, 76–85.Google Scholar
Mokaya, R., Jones, W., LuanZ., AlbaM.D. & Klinowski, J. (1996) Acidity and catalytic activity of the mesoporous aluminosilicate molecular sieve MCM-41. Catalysis Letters, 37, 113–120.Google Scholar
Olaya, A., Moreno, S. & Molina, R. (2009) Synthesis of pillared clays with aluminum by means of concen-trated suspensions and microwave radiation. Catalysis Communications, 10, 697–701.Google Scholar
Palkova, H., Madejová J., Zimowska, M., Bielanska, E., Olejniczak, Z., Litynska-Dobrzynska, L. & Serwicka, E.M. (2010) Laponite-derived porous clay heterostructures: I. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 127, 228–237.Google Scholar
Perdigón, A.C., Li, D., Pesquara, C., Gonzalez, F., Ortiz, B., Aguado, F. & Blanco, C. (2013) Synthesis of porous clay heterostructures from high charge mica-type aluminosilicates. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 1213–1219.Google Scholar
Pichowicz, M. & Mokaya, R. (2001) Porous clay hetero-structures with enhanced acidity obtained from acid-activated clays. Chemical Communications, 2100-2101.Google Scholar
Polverejan, M., Pauly, T.R. & Pinnavaia, T.J. (2000) Acidic porous clay heterostructures (PCH): Intragallery assembly of mesoporous silica in synthetic saponite clays. Chemistry of Materials, 2, 2698–2704.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, L.A.S., Figueiras, A., Veiga, F., Freitas, R.M., Nunes, L.C., Da Silva Filho, E.C. & Leite, C.M.S. (2013) The systems containing clays and clay minerals from modified drug release: a review. Colloids Surface B Biointerfaces, 103, 642–651.Google Scholar
Schoonheydt, R.A., Pinnavaia, T.J., Lagaly, G. & Gangas, N. (1999) Pillared clays and pillared layered solids. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 71, 2367–2371.Google Scholar
Tchinda, A.J., Ngameni, E., Kenfack, I.T. & Walcarius, A. (2009) One-step preparation of thiol-functionalized porous clay heterostructures: application to Hg(II) binding and characterization of mass transport issues. Chemistry of Materials, 21, 4111–4121.Google Scholar
Thompson, J.G. (1984) 29Si and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2:1 clay minerals. Clay Minerals, 19, 229–236.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Zhang, P., Wen, K., Su, X., Zhu, J. & He, H. (2016) A new insight into the compositional and structural control of porous clay heterostructures from the perspective of NMR and TEM. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 224, 285–293.Google Scholar
Wilson, J., Cuadros, J. & Cressey, G. (2004) An in situ time-resolved XRD-PSD investigation into Na-montmoril-lonite interlayer and particle rearrangement during dehydration. Clays and Clay Minerals, 52, 180–191.Google Scholar
Yenfeng, H., Xiangsheng, W., Xinwen, G., Silue, L., Sheng, H., Haibo, S. & Liang, B. (2005) Effects of channel structure and acidity of molecular sieves in hydroisomerization of n-octane over bi-functional catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 100, 59–65.Google Scholar
Zimowska, M., Litynska-Dobrzynska, L., Olejniczak, Z., Socha, R.P., Gurgul, J. & Tatka K (2016) Alteration of the structure and surface composition of crystalline-amorphous porous clay heterostructures upon iron doping from metal-organic source. Surface Interface Analysis, 48, 527–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar