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Origin of the Basoren (Kutahya, W Turkey) bentonite deposits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

A. Yildiz  and
M. Kuscu
A. Yildiz*
Affiliation:
Afyon Kocatepe University, Engineering Faculty, Afyon
M. Kuscu
Affiliation:
Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Isparta, Turkey
*
*E-mail: ayildiz@aku.edu.tr
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Abstract

Bentonite deposits in Basoren Kutahya, West Anatolia, Turkey formed from alteration of perlite and pyroclastic rocks of Pliocene age. The distribution of bentonite deposits along faults in the study area indicates that the alteration solutions were hydrothermal. Although lateral zonation is observed in bentonite deposits in some regions (i.e. Demirli, Akyokus, Seklice- Sarıokuz, etc.), alteration zones are extremely irregular in the Cayırlık bentonite deposit.

X-ray diffraction studies have shown that Basoren bentonites contain dioctahedral Ca-smectite.

The Greene-Kelly test (Li-saturation and heating) showed that the Demirli and Akyokus bentonites consist of montmorillonite and that the Cayırlık bentonite consists of montmorillonite and/or beidellite. Spherulitic or hemispherical ‘crystals’ of opal-CT minerals formed from hydrothermal alteration of volcanic glass. The MgO, CaO and total Fe2O3 enrichment in bentonites, compared to parent rocks, is related to the chemical composition of hydrothermal solutions that passed through the ophiolitic rocks such as serpentinite.

Keywords

bentonitehydrothermal alterationmontmorilloniteX-ray diffractionTurkey
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , June 2004 , pp. 219 - 231
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2004

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