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Mineralogy and chemistry of a new halloysite deposit from the Rio de Janeiro pegmatite province, south-eastern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2021

Victor Matheus Joaquim Salgado-Campos Open the ORCID record for Victor Matheus Joaquim Salgado-Campos [Opens in a new window] ,
Luiz Carlos Bertolino ,
Francisco José da Silva ,
Julio Cezar Mendes  and
Reiner Neumann
Victor Matheus Joaquim Salgado-Campos*
Affiliation:
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Geosciences, Graduate Program in Geology, Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue, 274 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 21941-909, Brazil Centre for Mineral Technology, Division for Technological Characterization, Avenida Pedro Calmon, 900 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 21941-908, Brazil
Luiz Carlos Bertolino
Affiliation:
Centre for Mineral Technology, Division for Technological Characterization, Avenida Pedro Calmon, 900 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 21941-908, Brazil State University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Geology, Department of Mineralogy and Igneous Petrology, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524 – Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 20550-000, Brazil
Francisco José da Silva
Affiliation:
Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Agronomy, Department of Petrology and Geotectonics, BR 465 Highway, Km 07, s/n Zona Rural – Seropédica – RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
Julio Cezar Mendes
Affiliation:
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Geosciences, Graduate Program in Geology, Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue, 274 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
Reiner Neumann
Affiliation:
Centre for Mineral Technology, Division for Technological Characterization, Avenida Pedro Calmon, 900 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 21941-908, Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Graduate Program in Geosciences, National Museum, Av. Quinta da Boa Vista, S/N – Bairro Imperial de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
*
*Email: victorsalgadocampos@ufrj.br
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Abstract

Halloysite is a 1:1 dioctahedral clay mineral that has been studied widely for applications in nanotechnology and as a mineral exploration guide for recognizing regolith-hosted heavy rare earth element (HREE) deposits. In Brazil, pegmatites from the state of Rio de Janeiro have been catalogued, but their potential to host halloysite deposits has never been studied. After a mineral exploration programme, one pegmatite with considerable halloysite contents and economic potential was discovered. This study reports the mineralogical and chemical characterization of the halloysite of this pegmatite and evaluates the possibility of clay-adsorbed HREE deposits, like that in the Zudong (China) regolith-hosted HREE deposit. Seven samples were collected in horizontal channels. Bulk samples and clay fractions (<2 μm) were analysed by quantitative mineral analysis (X-ray diffraction/Rietveld method), chemical analysis (major elements by X-ray fluorescence and Y, U, Th and rare earth elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, particle-size analysis, nitrogen physisorption and cation-exchange capacity. Mixed polygonal/cylindrical halloysite-7Å in concentrations between 6.3 and 35.4 wt.% in bulk samples and between 58.0 and 89.8 wt.% in the clay fractions were identified in the pegmatite. The clay fractions presented an average chemical composition of 45.46 wt.% SiO2, 36.10 wt.% Al2O3, 14.62 wt.% loss on ignition and 1.04 wt.% Fe2O3, as well as technological properties close to those observed in world-class halloysite deposits such as Dragon Mine (USA) and Matauri Bay (New Zealand). The clay minerals did not present significant HREE contents.

Keywords

Brazilclay mineralogyhalloysitenanosciencesnanotechnologypegmatiteregolithRio de Janeiro
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , March 2021 , pp. 1 - 15
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Lawrence Warr

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