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Late Mesozoic—Cenozoic clay mineral successions of southern Iran and their palaeoclimatic implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

F. Khormali ,
A. Abtahi  and
H. R. Owliaie
F. Khormali*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
A. Abtahi
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
H. R. Owliaie
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
*
*E-mail: khormali@gau.ac.ir
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Abstract

Clay minerals of calcareous sedimentary rocks of southern Iran, part of the old Tethys area, were investigated in order to determine their origin and distribution, and to reconstruct the palaeoclimate of the area. Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thin-section studies were performed on the 16 major sedimentary rocks of the Fars and Kuhgiluyeh Boyerahmad Provinces.

Kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, illite, palygorskite and illite-smectite interstratified minerals were detected in the rocks studied. The results revealed that detrital input is possibly the main source of kaolinite, smectite, chlorite and illite, while in situ neoformation during the Tertiary shallow saline and alkaline environment could be the dominant cause of palygorskite occurrences in the sedimentary rocks.

The presence of a large amount of kaolinite in the Lower Cretaceous sediments and the absence or rare occurrence of chlorite, smectite, palygorskite and illite are in accordance with the warm and humid climate of that period. Smaller amounts of kaolinite and the occurrence of smectite in Upper Cretaceous sediments indicate the gradual shift from warm and humid to more seasonal climate. The occurrence of palygorskite and smectite and the disappearance of kaolinite in the late Palaeocene sediments indicate the increase in aridity which has probably continued to the present time.

Keywords

clay mineralspalaeoclimatesedimentary rocksIran
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 191 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2005

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