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Weight gain in infants with congenital heart disease; breastfeeding alone versus supplemental spoon-feeding of expressed breast milk: an open-label, pilot, randomised control trial.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2024

Varsha Jangid ,
Dinesh Kumar Yadav Open the ORCID record for Dinesh Kumar Yadav [Opens in a new window]  and
Dheeraj Deo Bhatt Open the ORCID record for Dheeraj Deo Bhatt [Opens in a new window]
Varsha Jangid
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, DL, India
Dinesh Kumar Yadav
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, DL, India
Dheeraj Deo Bhatt*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, DL, India
*
Corresponding author: D. D. Bhatt; Email: dheeraj491@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Objectives:

Infants with congenital heart disease and increased pulmonary blood flow frequently suffer from feeding difficulties and growth failure. Providing expressed breast milk by spoon has been hypothesised to decrease energy expenditure in these infants as compared to breastfeeding. This study assessed the effect of supplemental feeding of expressed breast milk on weight gain in infants with unoperated congenital heart disease.

Method:

This was a prospective open-label randomised control trial. In total, 50 infants with post tricuspid left to right shunt were enrolled in the study. In the intervention group, apart from breastfeeding, a minimum predetermined volume of expressed breast milk was targeted to be given by spoon. 30-50 kcal/kg/day was given by expressed breast milk by spoon-feeding. In the control group, the infants were given at least 8 feeds per 24 hours by direct breastfeeding. Both groups were followed up for 1 month and assessed for weight gain.

Result:

Despite a high rate of protocol breach in both groups (30% overall), infants in the intervention group had better weight gain at one-month follow-up compared to those in the control group, 780 ± 300 versus 530 ± 250 gm (p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

In infants with left to right shunts, supplemental feeding of expressed breast milk by spoon along with breastfeeding resulted in significantly higher average weight gain at 30 days compared to the control group who received breastfeeding alone. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups need to be done to confirm the findings of this study.

Keywords

Breastfeedingexpressed breast milkCHDspoon-feeding
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , First View , pp. 1 - 6
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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