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Left ventricular function by echocardiogram in children with sickle cell anaemia in Mumbai, Western India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2014

Abhay Tidake ,
Pranil Gangurde ,
Anup Taksande ,
Ajay Mahajan  and
Pratap Nathani
Abhay Tidake*
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, India
Pranil Gangurde
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, India
Anup Taksande
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, India
Ajay Mahajan
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, India
Pratap Nathani
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, India
*
Correspondence to: Dr A. Tidake, Department of Cardiology, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai-400022, India. Tel: +91-9967885747; Fax: +91-22-24076100; E-mail: abhaytidake@gmail.com
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Abstract

Introduction

Cardiovascular events and complications are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with sickle cell disease. Cardiac abnormalities occur frequently and at an early stage in sickle cell anaemia patients, despite being more evident in adulthood. Sickle cell anaemia patients are increasingly able to reach adulthood owing to improved healthcare, and may, therefore, suffer the consequences of chronic cardiac injury. Thus, the study of cardiac abnormalities is essential in children

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the echocardiographic changes in left ventricular function in children suffering from sickle cell disease in Mumbai, Western India.

Methods

The study comprised of 48 cases of sickle cell anaemia and 30 non-anaemic controls with normal haemoglobin and electrophoresis pattern. M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic measurements of patients and controls were performed according to the criteria of the American Echocardiography Society.

Results

On Doppler study, the A wave height was increased and the E/A ratio was decreased, whereas the deceleration and isovolumetric relaxation times were prolonged, which is typically seen in slowed or impaired myocardial relaxation (p<0.001). Although chamber dilatations were present, echocardiographic parameters showed no statistically significant correlation with severity of anaemia and age among the sickle cell patients.

Conclusions

We conclude that the increased left ventricular stiffness, compared with controls, might be due to fibrosis related to ischaemia caused by SS disease in addition to wall hypertrophy.

Keywords

Sickle cell anaemiadeceleration timeisovolumetric relaxation time
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 25 , Issue 7 , October 2015 , pp. 1319 - 1325
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2014 

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