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South American Market Integration: The Argentina-Brazil Rivalry Myth and Motivations for the Southern Common Market

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 April 2016

Trygve Alexander Giaever*
Affiliation:
Miami, Florida
Julian Schofield*
Affiliation:
Concordia University
*
7311 NW 12th Street, Suite # 22 - FPY20322, Miami, FL 3191, email: alexander.giaever@gmail.com
Department of Political Science H-1225-65, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, H3G1M8, Canada, email: Julian.schofield@sympatico.ca

Abstract

This paper revisits and rebuts the mainstream view that Brazil and Argentina were led to form the Southern Common Market to end more than a century of rivalry and competition. We find the elements characterizing an interstate rivalry diminishing in the nineteenth century through the promotion of peaceful settlements and strategic alliances while those that could prompt security concerns disappeared years before the Southern Common Market was formed. Except for diplomatic disputes over the distribution of shared water resources, a disagreement settled in 1979, the decades preceding the Treaty of Asuncion were typified by security alliances, co-operation on economic complementarity and the promotion of bilateral institutions. We find little evidence for the implied security motivations being proposed in the literature. Rather, the establishment of the Southern Common Market was driven primarily by Argentina's and Brazil's desire to improve economic performance and advance political leverage through the promotion of a common stance in global affairs. This view challenges a common component in integration theory that, as applied to the European Union and elsewhere, asserts the privileged role of security concerns as prime driver for integration. This matters because there is a misapprehension that affects both the theory about integration as well as the formulation of policy prescriptions for South America.

Résumé

Cet article réfute la vue dominante que le Brésil et l'Argentine ont été amenés à former le Marché commun du Sud pour mettre fin à plus d'un siècle de rivalité et de concurrence (Kaltenthaler et Mora, 2002: 72–97). Nous retrouvons une diminution des éléments caractérisant une rivalité inter-étatique dans le XIXe siècle à travers la promotion des règlements pacifiques et des alliances stratégiques, tandis que ceux qui pourraient susciter des préoccupations de sécurité se sont resolu plusieurs années avant le Marché commun du Sud a été formé. Sauf pour les différends diplomatiques sur la répartition des ressources en eau partagées, un désaccord réglé en 1979, les décennies qui précéde le Traité d'Asunción ont été caractérisés par des alliances de sécurité, la coopération sur la complémentarité économique et la promotion des institutions bilatérales. Nous retrouvons que les motivations de sécurité implicites se perpétuent dans la littérature sans fondements de preuve et que le Marché commun du Sud est portée principalement par l'intérêt de l'Argentine et le Brésil pour améliorer leur performance économique et leur influence politique à travers la promotion d'une position commune dans les affaires mondiales. Cela remet en question un ingrédient commun dans la théorie de l'intégration qui, appliquée à l'Union européenne et ailleurs, affirme le rôle privilégié des préoccupations de sécurité comme premier pilote pour l'intégration. Cela est important parce qu'il ya un malentendu qui affecte à la fois, la théorie de l'intégration ainsi que la formulation de recommandations politiques pour l'Amérique du Sud.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 2016 

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