Lorsque Kn = Q(ω) est une extension algébrique de degré n sur Q telle que

avec D ∈ N, d ∈ Z, d|D2 et D2 + 4d > 0, nous avons prouvé [1] en utilisant certaines idées de Halter-Koch et Stender [2] que si

alors

est un système indépendant d'unités de Kn.

Each Hausdorff compactification of a given Tychonoff space is the Smirnov compactification associated with a compatible proximity on the space. Also each realcompactification of a given Tychonoff space is the underlying topological space of the completion of a compatible uniformity on the space. But if T is a realcompactification of a Tychonoff space X which is contained in a particular compactification Z of X, then it is not always possible to find a compatible uniformity on X such that T is the underlying topological space of the completion of (X, ) and induces the proximity on X associated with Z. We shall call a Hausdorff compactification Z of a Tychonoff space X a rich compactification of X (and the associated proximity on X a rich proximity) if every realcompactification of X contained in Z can be obtained as the underlying topological space of the completion of a compatible uniformity on X which induces the proximity on X associated with Z.

1. Introduction. An incomplete latin rectangle on t symbols σ1 …, σt of size r × s is an r × s matrix in which each cell is occupied by exactly one of the symbols σ1 …, σt in such a way that no symbol occurs more than once in any row or more than once in any column. If r = t or s = t then it is a latin rectangle; if r = s < t it is an incomplete latin square; if r = s = t it is a latin square. The diagonal of a latin square consists of the cells (i, i) (1 ≦ i ≦ t) together with the symbols occupying those cells. Let an allowed sequence of length t be a sequence of length t in which no symbol occurs exactly t – 1 times. Let an allowed diagonal of length t be a diagonal occupied by an allowed sequence.

In a recent paper [7] Longuet-Higgins and Parry prove that, given a general Clifford configuration of degree 5 (abbreviated to CL5), C0 say, there exist points P and Q such that the inverses of P in the circles of C0 form the points of another CL5C1, whilst the inverses of Q in the circles of C1 are the points of C0; also the inverses of Q in the circles of C0 form the points of a CL5 C–1, whilst the inverses of P in the circles of C–1 are the points of C0. This leads to an infinite chain …, C–2, C–1, C0, C1, C2, … of CL5s, each connected to the next by means of the same two points P and Q, called the poles of the chain.

Introduction. All spaces considered in this paper are assumed to be (Hausdorff) completely regular, and all maps are continuous. Let be a topological property of spaces. We shall identify with the class of spaces having . A space having is called a -space, and a subspace of a -space is called a -regular space. The class of -regular spaces is denoted by R(). Following [37], we call a closed hereditary, productive, topological property such that each -regular space has a -regular compactification a topological extension property, or simply, an extension property. In this paper, we restrict our attention to extension properties satisfying the following axioms:

(A1) The two-point discrete space has .

(A2) If each -regular space of nonmeasurable cardinal has , then = R().

The fact that Rolle's theorem on critical points of a real differentiable function does not hold in general for analytic functions of a complex variable raises a natural question [7, p. 21] as to whether or not it can be generalized to polynomials, the simplest subclass of analytic functions. While attempting to answer this and other related problems in [4, 5, 6], Lucas proved that all the critical points of a nonconstant polynomial f lie in the convex hull of the set of zeros of f (see Theorem (6.1) in [7]). Walsh [12] has shown that Lucas’ theorem is equivalent to the following result [7, Theorem (6.2)], namely: Any convex circular region which contains all the zeros of a polynomial f also contains all the zeros of its derivative f′.

The fact that simple links in locally compact connected metric spaces are nondegenerate was probably first established by C. Kuratowski and G. T. Whyburn in [2], where it is proved for Peano continua. J. L. Kelley in [3] established it for arbitrary metric continua, and A. D. Wallace extended the theorem to Hausdorff continua in [4]. In [1], B. Lehman proved this theorem for locally compact, locally connected Hausdorff spaces. We will show that the locally connected property is not necessary.

A continuum is a compact connected Hausdorff space. For any two points a and b of a connected space M, E(a, b) denotes the set of all points of M which separate a from b in M. The interval ab of M is the set E(a, b) ∪ {a, b}.

Arhangel'skiĭ proved around 1959 [1] that, for the class of perfectly normal locally compact spaces, metacompactness and paracompactness are equivalent. It is shown to be consistent that this equivalence holds for the (larger) class of normal locally compact spaces (answering a question of Tall [8], [9]).

The consistency of the existence of locally compact normal noncollectionwise Hausdorff spaces has been known since 1967. It is shown that the existence of such spaces is independent of the axioms of set theory, thus establishing that Bing's example G cannot be modified under ZFC to be locally compact.

All topological spaces are assumed to be Hausdorff.

First, a definition and three standard lemmata are needed.

In this paper we classify finite-dimensional flexible division algebras over the real numbers. We show that every such algebra is either (i) commutative and of dimension one or two, (ii) a slight variant of a noncommutative Jordan algebra of degree two, or (iii) an algebra defined by putting a certain product on the 3 × 3 complex skew-Hermitian matrices of trace zero. A precise statement of this result is given at the end of this section after we have developed the necessary background and terminology. In Section 3 we show that, if one also assumes that the algebra is Lie-admissible, then the structure follows rapidly from results in [2] and [3].

All algebras in this paper will be assumed to be finite-dimensional. A nonassociative algebra A is called flexible if (xy)x = x(yx) for all x, y ∈ A.

Let be two Serre fibrations with same base and fibre in which all the spaces have the homotopy type of simple CW complexes of finite type. We say they are rationally homotopically equivalent if there is a homotopy equivalence between the localizations at Q which covers the identity map of BQ.

Such an equivalence implies, of course, an isomorphism of cohomology algebras (over Q) and of rational homotopy groups; on the other hand isomorphisms of these classical algebraic invariants are usually (by far) insufficient to establish the existence of a rational homotopy equivalence.

Nonetheless, as we shall show in this note, for certain fibrations rational homotopy equivalence is in fact implied by the existence of an isomorphism of cohomology algebras. While these fibrations are rare inside the class of all fibrations, they do include principal bundles with structure groups a connected Lie group G as well as many associated bundles with fibre G/K.

In a recent note [2] we showed that if R is a prime ring and d ≠ 0 a derivation of R such that d(x)d(y) = d(y)d(x) for all x, y ∈ R then, if R is not a characteristic 2, R must be commutative. (If char R = 2 we showed that R must be an order in a 4-dimensional simple algebra.)

In this paper we shall consider a similar problem, namely, that of a prime ring R with involution * where d(x)d(y) = d(y)d(x) not for all x, y ∈ R but merely for symmetric elements x* = x and y* = y. Although it is clear that some results can be obtained if R is of characteristic 2, we shall only be concerned with the case char R ≠ 2. Even in this case one cannot hope to extend the result cited in the first paragraph, that is, to show that R is commutative.

In [14] R. D. Nussbaum generalized the fixed point index to a class of maps larger than the one in [5]. Unfortunately his homotopy property conditions are more restrictive than the often more readily verifiable ones of Eells-Fournier. In this paper we shall try to find an intermediate class of maps which will contain all the known examples of maps for which the index is defined and for which the condition of Eells-Fournier will imply the homotopy property.

In doing so, we shall give general conditions for which the sum of a compact map and a differentiable map will be a map having a fixed point index and for which the Lefschetz fixed point theorem is true.

The Betti numbers βn(k) of the residue class field k = R/m of a commutative local ring (R, m) have been studied for about 20 years, primarily as the coefficients of the Poincaré series of E . Several authors have obtained results about the growth of the sequence {βn(k)}.For example, Gulliksen [3] showed that when R is non-regular, the sequence is non-decreasing. More recently, Avramov [1] studied asymptotic properties of {βn(k)} and found that under certain conditions the growth is exponential, i.e., there is a natural number p such that for all n, βpn(k) ≧ 2n.

In this paper, we examine the sequence {βn(M)} for arbitrary finitely generated non-free modules M over any commutative local artin ring R. We establish the following bounds:

1

2

3

where l(X) is the length of X.

Rappelons que l'opérateur de Stokes associe au couple vitesse-pression (, p) le couple force-divergence (, g) par:

Nous nous plaçons ici en dimension 2. . Voici l'écriture matricielle de l'opérateur:

ce que nous noterons: .

Ce système est elliptique au sens de [1] sur un domaine Ω avec les conditions complémentaires: (Dirichlet); c'est donc ce probléme que nous étudions ici.

We take the definition of a Witt ring to be that given in [13], i.e., it is what is called a strongly representational Witt ring in [8]. The classical example is obtained by considering quadratic forms over a field of characteristic ≠ 2 [17], but Witt rings also arise in studying quadratic forms or symmetric bilinear forms over more general types of rings [5,7, 8, 9]. An interesting problem in the theory is that of classifying Witt rings in case the associated group G is finite. The reduced case, i.e., the case where the nilradical is trivial, is better understood. In particular, the above classification problem is completely solved in this case [4, 12, or 13, Corollary 6.25]. Thus, the emphasis here is on the non-reduced case. Although some of the results given here do not require |G| < ∞, they do require some finiteness assumption. Certainly, the main goal here is to understand the finite case, and in this sense this paper is a continuation of work started by the second author in [13, Chapter 5].

Let V ≠ 0 be a vector space of dimension n over a finite field of order qm for a prime q. Of course, GL(n, qm) denotes the group of -linear transformations of V. With few exceptions, GL(n, qm) is non-solvable. How large can a solvable subgroup of GL(n, qm) be? The order of a Sylow-q-subgroup Q of GL(n, qm) is easily computed. But Q cannot act irreducibly nor completely reducibly on V.

Suppose that G is a solvable, completely reducible subgroup of GL(n, qm). Huppert ([9], Satz 13, Satz 14) bounds the order of a Sylow-q-subgroup of G, and Dixon ([5], Corollary 1) improves Huppert's bound. Here, we show that |G| ≦ q3nm = |V|3. In fact, we show that

where

In the theory of Jordan algebras one encounters several definitions of the trace, and it is sometimes unclear whether the different notions are equivalent or not. If we restrict attention to the so–called JB–algebras studied in [2] and their weakly closed analogues JBW–algebras [8], we shall in the present note show that the different concepts are all equivalent for JBW–algebras, and that the conditions not involving projections are equivalent for JB–algebras. Among the seven equivalent conditions we shall consider, the second (ii) was used by Alfsen and Shultz [1] to show that if the JBW–algebra, is the self–adjoint part of a von Neumann algebra, then the condition characterizes traces on the enveloping von Neumann algebra. Condition (iii) appears in Robertson's paper [7] together with the implication (ii) ⇒ (iii). The inequality (iv) is a Jordan analogue of Gardner's inequality | ϕ(x) ≦ ϕ(|x|)|, [3], characterizing traces on Cast;–algebras.

This paper is a continuation of [5]. As stated there, the problem is to explicitly decompose the space L2 = L2(G(F)\G(A)) into simpler invariant subspaces, and to deal with the associated continuous spectrum in case G is a connected reductive algebraic group defined over a global function field. In that paper the solution was begun by studying Eisenstein series associated to cusp forms on Levi components of parabolic subgroups; these Eisenstein series and the associated intertwining operators were shown to be rational functions satisfying functional equations. To go further it is necessary to consider more general Eisenstein series and intertwining operators, and to show that they have similar properties. Such Eisenstein series arise from the cuspidal ones by a residue taking process, which is detailed in a disguised form suitable for induction in the first part of this paper: the main result is a preliminary form of the spectral decomposition.

This paper is concerned with two things. The first is a (primarily) geometric axiomatic description for the systems of real roots of Lie algebras arising from (generalized) Cartan matrices. The description is base free and is a natural extension of the well-known axiomatic description of finite root systems. The primary component of our description is an open convex cone which, following Looijenga [3], we call the Tits cone. In fact it was Looijenga's paper that led to this axiomatic formulation. Unlike his construction, the dimension of the Tits cone is not tightly connected to the dimension of the Cartan matrix which it eventually yields. This leads us to the second part of the paper which concerns the construction of Cartan matrices of low row rank. We can show that if we have an l × l Cartan matrix of row rank n, then we can model an axiomatic description of it with a cone of dimension n + 1.

1. An n-tuple S = (S1, …, Sn) of commuting bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H is said to have commuting normal extension if and only if there exists an n-tuple N = (N1, …, Nn) of commuting normal operators on some larger Hilbert space K ⊃ H with the restrictions Ni|H = Si, i = 1, …, n. If we take

the minimal reducing subspace of N containing H, then N is unique up to unitary equivalence and is called the c.n.e. of S. (Here J denotes the multi-index (j1, …, jn) of nonnegative integers and N*J = N1*jl … Nn*jn and we emphasize that c.n.e. denotes minimal commuting normal extension.) If n = 1, then S1 = S is called subnormal and N1 = N its minimal normal extension (m.n.e.).