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WARREN ROOTCOLLAR WEEVIL, HYLOBIUS WARRENI WOOD (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN CANADA: ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, DAMAGE RELATIONSHIPS, AND MANAGEMENT

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

H.F. Cerezke
H.F. Cerezke
Affiliation:
Canada Department of Natural Resources, Canadian Forest Service, 5320 - 122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
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Abstract

Warren rootcollar weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood, is a pest of several conifer species and is distributed widely throughout the boreal forest in Canada. Literature on this weevil is reviewed and interpreted to provide comprehensive coverage of its ecology, behavior, and impacts, and the implications for its management. New information is provided to fill gaps in our knowledge of H. warreni. These include distribution and hosts, immature stages, sex ratios, and daily and seasonal activity patterns of adults. Sex ratios, abundance, longevity, and pedestrian dispersal behavior of adults within the forest and on trees are described from mark, release, and recapture studies conducted over several years using a newly designed interception trap. Daily trap captures are correlated with previous night temperatures and this relationship is a tool for predicting adult captures. Fecundity and oviposition behavior on the host tree are described from laboratory- and field-reared adults.

Population levels of H. warreni are compared across a variety of lodgepole pine stands in Alberta. Weevil numbers within forests are described in relation to tree size and age, depth of duff material around tree bases, and stand density. Analysis of weevil feeding scars distributed at the root collar base of mature pine stems were used to describe the likely temporal pattern of population abundance and change during stand development. Information supportive of this pattern is presented from surveys in young and mature stands.

A new method of assessing stands of lodgepole pine for suitability of habitat for H. warreni takes into account the cumulative nature of this weevil’s injury and reflects its temporal pattern of success in relation to stand conditions. The effects of a pre-commercial thinning treatment on H. warreni populations and its girdling injury were investigated in a 25-year-old lodgepole pine stand over an 8-year period. Compared with control plots, thinning treatment caused a 5-fold increase in weevil numbers per tree and increased the tree attack incidence by 2-fold, but resulted in an average 6% reduction in partial stem girdling of attacked trees. Information about the effects of various forest management practices on H. warreni abundance and survival is reviewed and areas requiring research are identified.

Résumé

Le Charançcon de Warren, Hylobius warreni Wood, parasite plusieurs espèces de conifères et est bien répandu dans la forêt boréale canadienne. Les travaux sur cette espèce ont été révisés et interprétés dans le but d’obtenir le plus d’informations possible sur l’écologie, le comportement et les effets de ce parasite avant d’établir des programmes de contrôle. De nouvelles données viennent combler les lacunes dans nos connaissances de l’espèce : répartition des hôtes, stades immatures, rapports mâles : femelles, activités quotidiennes et saisonnières des adultes. Les données sur les rapports mâles : femelles, l’abondance, la longévité et le comportement de dispersion pédestre des adultes dans la forêt et sur les arbres ont été obtenues par marquage–capture–recapture durant plusieurs années au cours desquelles un nouveau type de piège a été utilisé. Les captures quotidiennes dans les pièges se sont avérées en corrélation avec la température de la nuit précédente et celle relation permet de prédire les captures des adultes. La fécondité et le comportement de ponte sur les arbres hôtes sont décrites à partir de données sur des adultes élevés en laboratoire et en nature.

Les densités de population d’H. warreni ont été comparées au sein de plusieurs forêts de pins de Murray en Alberta. Le nombre de charançons trouvés a été mis en relation avec la taille et l’âge des arbres, avec la profondeur de la couche d’humus autour de la base des arbres et avec la densité de la forêt. L’analyse des cicatrices laissés par les charançons se nourrissant à la base du tronc d’arbres à maturité, à la naissance des racines, a permis de décrire la courbe probable d’abondance de la population en fonction du temps au cours du développement de la forêt. Le pattern obtenu est confirmé par des données obtenues dans des forêts jeunes et des forêts à maturité.

Une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation des forêts de pins de Murray comme hôtes de populations d’H. warreni tient compte de la nature cumulative des blessures causées par le charançon et reflète son succès en fonction du temps en relation avec les conditions de la forêt. Les effets d’un éclaircissement préliminaire de la forêt pour des fins commerciales sur les populations d’H. warreni et ceux des blessures d’annélation ont été étudiés pendant 8 ans au sein d’une forêt de pins de Murray de 25 ans. La comparaison avec des forêts témoins a révélé que l’éclaircissement a entraîné une augmentation considérable (×5) du nombre de charançons par arbre, a augmenté l’incidence des attaques aux arbres par un facteur de 2, mais a résulté en une réduction moyenne de 6% des annélations partielles des tiges des arbres attaqués. L’information sur les effets des pratiques d’aménagement des forêts sur l’abondance et la survie d’H. warreni est révisée et les zones de recherche qui doivent être approfondies sont indentifées.

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Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 6 , December 1994 , pp. 1383 - 1442
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

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