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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BLACK SPRUCE CONE MAGGOT, STROBILOMYIA APPALACHENSIS MICHELSEN (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES (NEMATODA: STEINERNEMATIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.D. Sweeney  and
G.N. Gesner
J.D. Sweeney
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service — Maritimes Region, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
G.N. Gesner
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service — Maritimes Region, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
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Abstract

Larvae of the black spruce cone maggot, Strobilomyia appalachensis, were infected and killed by Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All and Umeå strains, S. feltiae (Filipjev) (= bibionis) strain 27, and S. glaseri Steiner strain 326, in laboratory tests. After formation of puparia, however, cone maggots were practically resistant to all species and strains tested. Very few or no maggots were infected when nematodes were sprayed on or injected into infested spruce cones. The survival, activity, and infectivity of infective juveniles held in an aerated infusion of black spruce cones were significantly lower compared with those held in aerated water. In peat–sand columns, the proportion of larvae infected with S. feltiae, but not S. carpocapsae Umeå strain, was significantly greater when larvae were dropped immediately or 1 day following nematode application compared with 1 day before or 3 days following nematode application. Our results suggest that, in field trials for cone maggot suppression, nematodes should be applied within a day prior to larval drop and that repeated applications may be required for persistence of sufficient infectivity.

Résumé

Dans des essais en laboratoire, des larves de la mouche granivore de l’épinette noire (Strobilomyia appalachensis) ont été infectées et tuées par les nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) souches All et Umeå, S. feltiae (Filipjev) (= bibionis) souche 27 et S. glaseri souche 326. Après la formation du puparium, les mouches granivores étaient toutefois pratiquement insensibles à toutes les espèces et souches testées. Le taux d’infection était très faible ou nul lorsque les nématodes étaient pulvérisés sur des cônes d’épinette infestés ou injectés dans de tels cônes. La survie, l’activité et l’infectivité de juvéniles infectieux conservés dans une infusion aérée de cônes d’épinette noire étaient significativement inférieures à celles qui ont été observées chez d’autres juvéniles gardés dans de l’eau aérée. Dans des colonnes de tourbe-sable, le taux d’infection par S. feltiae, mais non pas par S. carpocapsae souche Umeå, était significativement plus élevé lorsque les larves étaient introduites immédiatement ou 1 jour après l’application de nematodes que lorsqu’elles l’étaient 1 jour avant ou 3 jours après l’application des nematodes. Nos résultats donnent à croire que dans les essais d’utilisation sur le terrain des nematodes contre la mouche granivore, l’application des nematodes devrait être effectuée au plus une journée avant que les larves se laissent tomber au sol. En outre, il pourrait être nécessaire de répéter les applications afin de maintenir un taux d’infectivité suffisant.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 6 , December 1995 , pp. 865 - 875
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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