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SPACE- AND COHORT-DEPENDENT LONGEVITY IN ADULT LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) MASS-REARING CULTURES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Kevin M. Heinz
Kevin M. Heinz
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Biological Control, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2475
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Abstract

Various biological parameters of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were investigated to maximize mass-rearing efficiency of this insect. Average percentage emergence from a cohort of uniformly aged pupae was 90.0% of which 37.0% were males. A significant difference in the among-day emergence sequences from a pupal cohort was detected with 77.5% of all females and 80.1% of all males emerging during the first 2 days of the emergence sequence. Adults emerging on day 3 within the emergence sequence lived significantly longer than did flies emerging on the other days within the sequence. Male flies lived an average of 9.9 days or 33.1% less than the 14.8-day average for female flies. Cage size was also found to influence adult longevity significantly with the greatest average longevity (20 days for females and 12 days for males) occurring in 385.6-cm3 cages. Emergence time within an emergence sequence and the physical size of an experimental unit are two previously experimentally undocumented sources of variation influencing longevity of Liriomyza. A significant nonlinear relationship between the number of flies leaving the rearing cages (as a result of normal rearing procedures) and the daily number of pupal L. trifolii added to each cage was detected. From these biological parameters, a birth and death rate simulation model was developed to predict adult population sizes of L. trifolii within a mass-rearing program. The gender-specific simulation model consisted of adult emergence (quantified in terms of the adult emergence sequence from a known number of pupae entered into each rearing culture), and adult death rate (quantified in terms of the survivorship of adults within the culture and the number of adults escaping from the culture). The adult population sizes predicted by the simulation model were not significantly different from the average population sizes observed from the rearing cages in validation studies utilizing normal mass-rearing practices. Use of this model should reduce the effort expended on maintaining host populations for commercial mass-production of natural enemies of L. trifolii.

Résumé

Diverses variables biologiques propres à Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) ont été étudiées dans le but de maximiser l’efficacité des élevages en masse de cet insecte. Le pourcentage moyen d’émergence au sein d’une cohorte de pupes du même âge a été évalué à 90%, dont 37,0% de mâles. Une différence significative entre les séquences journalières au sein d’une cohorte de pupes a été décelée et 77,5% des femelles et 80,1% des mâles ont émergé au cours des deux premières journées de la séquence. Les adultes apparus le troisième jour de la séquence ont vécu significativement plus longtemps que les adultes apparus les autres jours. Les mâles adultes ont vécu en moyenne 9,9 jours, soit 33,1% moins longtemps que les femelles en moyenne (14,8 jours). La taille des cages influençait significativement la longévité des adultes et la longévité moyenne la plus longue (20 jours dans le cas des femelles et 12 jours dans le cas des mâles) a été enregistrée dans les pièges de 385,6 cm3. Le moment de l’émergence au cours de la séquence et la taille de l’engin expérimental sont deux sources de variation de la longévité de Liriomyza qui n’avaient jamais été étudiées auparavant. Une relation non linéaire significative entre le nombre de mouches émergeant des cages d’élevage (au cours d’une procédure normale d’élevage) et le nombre moyen de pupes de L. trifolii qui viennent s’ajouter chaque jour a été constatée. À partir de ces variables biologiques, un modèle simulant les taux de naissance et de mortalité a été ébauché pour tenter de prédire les tailles des populations d’adultes de L. trifolii que l’on peut espérer d’un programme d’élevage en masse. Le modèle de simulation spécifique à chaque genre tenait compte de l’émergence des adultes (mesurée en comptant le nombre d’adultes d’une séquence émergés à partir d’un nombre connu de pupes contenu dans l’élevage) et du taux de mortalité des adultes (mesuré à partir de la survie des adultes dans l’élevage et du nombre d’adultes échappés de l’élevage). Les densités des populations d’adultes estimées d’après le modèle ne différaient pas significativement des densités moyennes des populations observées dans les cages d’élevage au cours d’études de validation à la suite de procédures normales d’élevage en masse. Le modèle devrait réduire considérablement les efforts nécessaires au maintien de populations hôtes en vue de la production massive de populations d’ennemis naturels de L. trifolii.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 128 , Issue 6 , December 1996 , pp. 1225 - 1237
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

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