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Release, establishment, and movement of the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.B. Marshall ,
H.M.A. Thistlewood  and
P.J. Lester
D.B. Marshall*
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0
H.M.A. Thistlewood
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0
P.J. Lester
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: marshalld@em.agr.ca).
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Abstract

In Ontario apple [Malus × domestica Mill. (Rosaceae)] orchards, the application of certain pesticides kills phytoseiid predatory mites and causes outbreaks of phytophagous mites. We released a strain of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae), obtained from Nova Scotia and with organophosphate- and pyrethroid-resistant traits, into adjacent ’McIntosh’ and ’Red Delicious’ apple orchards and followed its progress over four seasons. The T. pyri strain established in the orchards, became the dominant predator, and was associated with low densities of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae). It moved slowly through the orchards and took 4 years to reach the 28th tree (84 m) from the release point in both orchards. The predominant wind direction did not appear to influence T. pyri movement. It was present in high numbers on release trees, or trees near these release trees, each summer after release, unlike other predatory species including Typhlodromus caudiglans (Schuster) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae). This species appears particularly useful for biological control of phytophagous mites in Ontario and is worthy of further testing for conservation and augmentative release.

Résumé

Dans les vergers de pommiers [Malus × domestica Mill (Rosaceae)] d’Ontario, l’utilisation de certains pesticides tue les acariens phytoseiides prédateurs, ce qui déclenche des infestations d’acariens phytophages. Nous avons relâché des acariens prédateurs Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari : Phytoseiidae) provenant d’une souche de Nouvelle-Écosse résistante aux pyréthroïdes et aux oganophosphates dans des vergers adjacents de ’McIntosh’ et de Rouges délicieuses et les avons observés pendant quatre saisons. Les acariens T. pyri de la souche se sont établis dans les vergers où ils sont devenus les prédateurs principaux et ils étaient associés à de faibles densités des acariens phytophages Panonychus ulmi Koch et Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari : Tetranychidae) et Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Acari : Eriophyidae). Les acariens se déplaçaient avec lenteur et ils ont mis 4 ans à atteindre le 28e arbre (84 m) depuis leurs points de relâchement dans les deux vergers. La direction prédominante du vent ne semble pas avoir influencé les déplacements. Chaque été, après le relâchement, les acariens étaient présents en grands nombres sur les arbres de relâchement et les arbres voisins, contrairement à d’autres espèces prédatrices, notamment Typhalodromus candiglans (Schuster) (Acari : Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (Acari : Phytoseiidae) et Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari : Stigmaeidae). Cette espèce semble particulièrement utile dans la lutte biologique contre les acariens phytophages en Ontario et il vaut la peine de la tester davantage pour la conservation et en prévision de relâchements plus importants.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 133 , Issue 2 , April 2001 , pp. 279 - 292
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

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