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A RAPID AND SIMPLE FLOUR-DISK BIOASSAY FOR TESTING SUBSTANCES ACTIVE AGAINST STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Y.S. Xie ,
R.P. Bodnaryk  and
P.G. Fields
Y.S. Xie
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.P. Bodnaryk
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
P.G. Fields
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
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Abstract

A rapid and simple flour-disk bioassay was developed to assay biologically active substances on several species of stored-products insects. The speed, simplicity, and parsimony of the bioassay derive from a single-step mixing of the test substance in aqueous solution with flour. Aliquots (100 μL) of the stirred suspension are then pipetted onto a polystyrene Petri dish using an Eppendorf pipettor and allowed to dry at room temperature overnight to produce uniform flour disks containing the test substance. After equilibration at 30 ± 1°C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity for 24 h, the disks are individually weighed and transferred to Petri dishes with weighed stored-products insects. After 3 days, the remainder of the disk and the living insects are weighed again for calculations of food consumption, utilization, growth, and mortality. Based on the flour-disk bioassay, the neem-based insecticide, Margosan-O®, significantly reduced consumption, growth, feeding, and dietary utilization in Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in a dose-dependent manner. Margosan-O® also caused mortality, but the species differed widely in sensitivity, C. ferrugineus being the most sensitive and T. castaneum the least. The mortality of C. ferrugineus and S. oryzae was a consequence of both toxic and antifeedant (starvation) effects, but mortality of T. castaneum was caused entirely by its toxic action. Using a whole-kernel bioassay, it was found that Margosan-O® caused a dramatic reduction in the F1 progeny of all three species.

Résumé

Un test rapide et simple basé sur l’utilisation de disques de farine a été mis au point pour évaluer l’efficacité de substances biologiquement actives contre plusieurs espèces d’insectes des entrepôts. La commodité du système est reliée à la préparation en une seule étape d’une solution aqueuse contenant la substance et de la farine. Des doses égales (100 μL) de la suspension agitée sont ensuite déposées dans un vase de Petri de polystyrène au moyen d’une pipette Eppendorf et séchées à la température de la pièce toute la nuit, ce qui donne des disques uniformes de farine contenant les substances à tester. Après obtention de l’équilibre par exposition à une température de 30 ± 1°C et une humidité relative de 70 ± 5% pendant 24 h, les disques sont pesés et transférés chacun dans des vases de Pétri contenant des insectes d’entrepôt préalablement pesés. Après 3 jours, les restes des disques et les insectes encore vivants sont pesés de nouveau de façon à évaluer la quantité de nourriture consommée, son utilisation, la croissance et la mortalité. Les résultats de ces tests ont démontré que l’insecticide à base de margousier, le Margosan-O®, diminue significativement la consommation, la croissance, l’alimentation et le métabolisme chez Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), et Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) en fonction de la dose administrée. Le Margosan-O® est parfois aussi cause de mortalité, mais la sensibilité des espèces est très variable; C. ferrugineus est l’espèce la plus sensible et T. castaneum, la moins sensible. La mortalité de C. ferrugineus et de S. oryzae résulte à la fois des effets de la toxicité et de l’inhibition de l’alimentation (mort par inanition), mais la mortalité de T. castaneum est entièrement attribuable à l’action toxique du produit. Dans un test sur les grains de blé entiers, le Margosan-O® a entraîné une réduction importante de la progéniture F1 chez les trois espèces.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 128 , Issue 5 , October 1996 , pp. 865 - 875
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

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