Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T15:02:51.796Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

PCR-based methods for identification of two Eteobalea species (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) used as biocontrol agents of weedy Linaria species (Scrophulariaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Andrew Mitchell ,
Alec S. McClay ,
Gregory R. Pohl  and
Felix A.H. Sperling
Andrew Mitchell*
Affiliation:
Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, Orange Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
Alec S. McClay
Affiliation:
McClay Ecoscience, 15 Greenbriar Crescent, Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada T8H 1H8
Gregory R. Pohl
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 – 122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Felix A.H. Sperling
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: andrew.mitchell@dpi.nsw.gov.au).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two European species of the genus Eteobalea Hodges are being tested as classical biological control agents for toadflax (Linaria spp.) in Canada. Permits for the release of these species apply only to an Italian population of E. serratella Treitschke and a Serbian population of E. intermediella Riedl. When these species are imported as larvae or pupae from an area where they are sympatric, such as around Rome, they must later be separated in the laboratory. This step is essential to establish a pure laboratory colony of the correct species, both to increase the rate of breeding success and to comply with conditions of the importation permit. Although the male and female genitalia and the egg chorion have good diagnostic characters, these characters are not useful for identifying immature stages or newly emerged adults before mating and oviposition. This problem has hampered the establishment of rearing colonies of these two species in Canada. We describe the development and application of four polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism assays that have been used to distinguish between these two species. If and when either of these species becomes established in the field, the tests presented here should also prove useful for monitoring populations.

Résumé

Deux espèces européennes d'Eteobalea Hodges sont actuellement à l'essai au Canada comme des agents de lutte biologique contre les mauvaises herbes du genre Linaria. Les permis pour le lâcher de ces espèces sont valables seulement pour une population italienne d'E. serratella Treitschke et une population serbienne d'E. intermediella Riedl. Lorsque ces espèces sont importées d'une région où elles existent en sympatrie, par exemple près de Rome, elles doivent être séparées plus tard dans le laboratoire. Ceci est indispensable pour établir une colonie pure de l'espèce correcte, à la fois pour assurer le succès de la multiplication et pour se conformer aux conditions du permis d'importation. Bien que les organes génitaux des deux sexes et le chorion de l'oeuf possèdent des caractères utiles pour leur identification, ceux-ci ne servent pas pour l'identification des stades immatures, ni des adultes nouvellement émergés avant de l'accouplement et l'oviposition. Ceci a entravé l'établissement des colonies de multiplication de ces deux espèces d'Eteobalea au Canada. Nous décrivons le développement et l'application de quatre essais de réaction de polymérisation en chaîne – polymorphismes de longueur de fragments de restriction qui ont été utilisés pour distinguer entre ces espèces. Ces essais seront également utiles pour la surveillance des populations dans le cas que n'importe quelle de ces espèces s'établit dans le champ.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 137 , Issue 2 , April 2005 , pp. 129 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

DeClerck-Floate, R.A., and Harris, P. 2002. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller, Dalmatian toadflax (Scrophulariaceae). In Biological control programmes in Canada, 1981–2000. Edited by Mason, P.G. and Huber, J.T.. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 368–374.Google Scholar
Grevelding, C.G., Kampkötter, A., Hollmann, M., Schäfer, U., and Kunz, W. 1996. Direct PCR on fruitflies and blood flukes without prior DNA isolation. Nucleic Acids Research, 24: 4100–4101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koster, J.C., and Sinev, S.Y. 2003. Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae. Vol. 5. Microlepidoptera of Europe. Edited by Huemer, P., Karsholt, O., and Lyneborg, L.. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lushai, G., Fjellsted, W., Marcovitch, O., Aagaard, K., Sherratt, T.N., Allen, J.A., and Maclean, N. 2000. Application of molecular techniques to non-lethal tissue samples of endangered butterfly populations (Parnassius apollo L.) in Norway for conservation management. Biological Conservation, 94: 43–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mangalam, H. 1997. tacg. Version 2 [computer program]. University of California, Irvine, California. Available from http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/Registered/Option/tacg.html.Google Scholar
McClay, A.S., and DeClerck-Floate, R.A. 2002. Linaria vulgaris Miller, yellow toadflax (Scrophulariaceae). In Biological control programmes in Canada, 1981–2000. Edited by Mason, P.G. and Huber, J.T.. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 375–382.Google Scholar
Rambaut, A. 2000. Se-Al: sequence alignment editor. University of Oxford, Oxford. Available from http://evolve.zoo.ox.ac.uk/software.html?id=seal.Google Scholar
Riedl, T. 1967. Les espèces du genre Stagmatophora H.-S. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Lepidoptera: Momphidae). Reichenbachia, 9: 99–100.Google Scholar
Riedl, T. 1969. Matériaux pour la connaissance des Momphidae palaéarctiques (Lepidoptera). Partie IX. Revue des Momphidae européennes, y compris quelques espèces d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 39: 635–919.Google Scholar
Riedl, T. 1975. Brève révision des espèces du groupe d'Eteobalea beata (Walsingham) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Cosmopterygidae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Zoologie, 335: 1293–1302.Google Scholar
Riedl, T. 1978. Sur la répartition de certains Momphidae s.l. dans la region Méditerranéenne (Lepidoptera). Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Gesellschaft Basel, 28: 72–75.Google Scholar
Riedl, T. 1983. Records of the Lepidoptera of Greece based on the collections of G. Christensen and L. Gozmány. VIII V. Momphidae, Blastodacnidae, Chrysopeleiidae, Cosmopterigidae. Annales Musei Goulandris, 6: 313–317.Google Scholar
Riedl, T. 1996. Cosmopterigidae. In The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist. Edited by Karsholt, O. and Razowski, J.. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. pp. 101–103.Google Scholar
Rizza, A., and Pecora, P. 1979. Annual report: Linaria dalmatica project. USDA Biological Control of Weeds Laboratory, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Saner, M., Groppe, K., and Harris, P. 1990. Eteobalea intermediella Riedl and E. serratella Treitschke (Lep., Cosmopterigidae), two suitable agents for the biological control of yellow and Dalmatian toadflax in North America. Final report. International Institute of Biological Control, Delémont, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Sperling, F.A.H., and Hickey, D.A. 1995. Amplified mitochondrial DNA as a diagnostic marker for species of conifer-feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 127: 277–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar