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PARASITE AND PREDATOR COMPONENT OF WITHIN-TREE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) MORTALITY1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

M. J. Linit  and
F. M. Stephen
M. J. Linit
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
F. M. Stephen
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
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Abstract

The parasite and predator component of within-tree southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, mortality was investigated by mechanically excluding insect parasites and predators from the bark surface of naturally infested shortleaf, Pinus echinata Mill., and loblolly, P. taeda L., pines. Mortality caused by insect parasites and predators was determined by comparisons of five treatments that differed only in the duration of natural enemy exclusion. These natural enemies were responsible for 28.04% and 23.85% of the within-tree beetle mortality in 1978 in Arkansas and in 1979 in Georgia, respectively. Natural enemy species that arrived on the tree during the first week following mass attack by beetles caused the greatest amount of mortality.

Predator density was greater than parasite density at both locations. The majority of the predator complex arrived during the first week following mass attack by beetles, while the parasite complex arrived throughout the entire period of beetle brood development.

A linear response was found between the number of southern pine beetle prey and the number of prey destroyed per predator. A mean (± S.E.) of 4.79 ± 0.64 southern pine beetle immatures were destroyed by each individual predator.

Résumé

L'élément parasite-prédateur de la mortalité intra-arbre chez le dendroctone méridional du pin, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, a été étudié en excluant mécaniquement les insectes parasites et prédateurs de la surface de l'écorce des pins Pinus echinata Mill., et P. taeda L. La mortalité causée par les parasites et les prédateurs a été déterminée en comparant 5 traitements différant seulement par la période d'exclusion des ennemis naturels. Ceux-ci ont compté pour 28.04% et 23.85% de la mortalité intra-arbre respectivement, en Arkansas en 1978, et en Géorgie en 1979. Les espèces d'ennemis naturels qui sont arrivés sur l'arbre durant la première semaine suivant l'attaque massive du dendroctone ont causé la majeure partie de la mortalité.

La densité de prédateurs était plus élevée que la densité de parasites aux deux endroits. La majeure partie du complexe des prédateurs sont arrivés la première semaine suivant l'attaque massive du dendroctone, alors que le complexe des parasites sont arrivés pendant toute la période de développement de la couvée du dendroctone.

Une relation linéaire a été observée entre les nombres du dendroctone présents et les nombres éliminés par prédation. Une moyenne (± E.S.) de 4.79 ± 0.64 individus immatures du dendroctone ont été détruits par prédateur.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 115 , Issue 6 , June 1983 , pp. 679 - 688
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1983

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