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Niche differentiation of two pupal parasitoid wasps of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae): Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae and Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2021

Sheng Zhang Open the ORCID record for Sheng Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Yumei Tao ,
Yongzhuo Chen ,
Pengcheng Liu ,
Jialu Liu  and
Haoyuan Hu
Sheng Zhang
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin, co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Yumei Tao
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin, co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Yongzhuo Chen
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin, co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Pengcheng Liu
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin, co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Jialu Liu
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin, co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Haoyuan Hu*
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Centre of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin, co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
*
*Corresponding author. Email: haoyuanhu@126.com
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Abstract

In nature, competing species often achieve coexistence through niche differentiation. We examined this phenomenon for Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae and Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), two species of pupal parasitoids that are considered biological control agents of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). We examined the ability of each species, alone and in combination, to locate host pupae buried at different depths (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 cm) in three types of substrate (sand, dry wheat bran, and spent fly diet). We then evaluated the competitiveness of each species by allowing first one species, then the other species, to parasitise host individuals within time periods ranging from less than 2 hours to 96 hours of each other. Spalangia endius exhibited greater ability than did P. vindemmiae to locate host pupae buried at depths below one centimetre. Conversely, P. vindemmiae exhibited a greater competitive ability, being more likely to emerge from pupae co-parasitised by S. endius, regardless of oviposition interval or sequence. Our findings suggest that these two parasitoid species coexist through niche differentiation. Our findings also indicate that to increase the effectiveness of biological control, the environmental conditions and risk of interspecific competition should be considered when selecting parasitoid species for release.

Type
Research Papers
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 153 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 511 - 523
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© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of Canada

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Kevin Floate

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