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Larval diet prior to and following virus ingestion influences the efficacy of two nucleopolyhedroviruses in whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma) caterpillars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2012

Garrett Brodersen ,
Rob Johns ,
Renée Lapointe ,
David Thumbi ,
Graham Thurston ,
Christopher J. Lucarotti  and
Dan Quiring
Garrett Brodersen*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
Rob Johns
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
Renée Lapointe
Affiliation:
Sylvar Technologies Inc., 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
David Thumbi
Affiliation:
Sylvar Technologies Inc., 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
Graham Thurston
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
Christopher J. Lucarotti
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
Dan Quiring
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: gdbrodersen@gmail.com).
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Abstract

Food quality can influence the performance of immature insects and their interactions with pathogens, such as viruses. In manipulative field studies, virus-free caterpillars of the whitemarked tussock moth (WMTM) (Orgyia leucostigma (Smith)) had higher survival, more female-biased sex ratios, and were larger when feeding on white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) versus balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller) or red spruce (Picea rubens Sargent). Subsequent laboratory studies with two nucleopolyhedroviruses, derived from WMTMs and Douglas-fir tussock moths, indicated that caterpillars fed high quality food (i.e., artificial diet) prior to infection had less mortality associated with virus infection than those feeding on lower quality foliage (i.e., birch). In field studies, caterpillars fed birch following infection had significantly lower mortality than those feeding on relatively lower quality foliage (i.e., balsam fir). We postulate that higher nutritional quality in artificial diet relative to birch (previrus-ingestion nutrition) and in birch relative to balsam fir foliage (postvirus-ingestion nutrition) has a positive effect on the ability of tussock moth caterpillars to resist or recover from viral infections, although the specific mechanisms responsible for observed resistance remain unclear.

Résumé

La qualité des éléments nutritifs peut influencer la performance des insectes immatures ainsi que leurs interactions avec leurs pathogènes, tels que les virus. Des études de terrains indiquent que les chenilles à houppes blanches (Orgyia leucostigma (Smith)) ont une meilleure survie, une proportion des sexes biaisée vers les femelles et sont plus grosses quand elles se nourrissent de bouleau à papier (Betula papyrifera Marshall) plutôt que de sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller) ou d’épinette rouge (Picea rubens Sargent). Des études de laboratoire ont ensuite indiqué que les chenilles nourries d'une diète de haute qualité (par ex., diète artificielle) avant l'ingestion virale avaient un taux de mortalité associé à deux nucléopolyhedrovirus isolés de la chenille à houppes blanches et de la chenille à houppes du Douglas taxifolié moins élevé que celles nourries de feuillage de moindre qualité (c.-à-d., bouleau). Des études de terrain ont aussi démontré que la mortalité de chenilles nourries de bouleau après l'infection était significativement moindre que celle des chenilles nourries de feuillage d'une qualité comparativement moindre (c.-à-d., sapin baumier). Nous postulons que la qualité nutritionnelle supérieure de la diète artificielle comparativement au bouleau (nutrition pré-ingestion virale), et du bouleau comparativement au sapin baumier (nutrition postingestion virale) a eu un effet positif sur la capacité des chenilles à houppes blanche à parer ou à récupérer des infections virales; cependant les mécanismes spécifiques qui sont responsables de cette résistance demeurent incertains.

Type
Original Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 144 , Issue 3 , 28 May 2012 , pp. 447 - 457
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2012

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