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INVITATION PAPER: C.P. Alexander Fund: HOST CHOICE BY APHIDIID PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE): HOST RECOGNITION, HOST QUALITY, AND HOST VALUE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

M. Mackauer ,
J.P. Michaud  and
W. Völkl
M. Mackauer*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
J.P. Michaud
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
W. Völkl
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
*
1 Author to whom reprint requests should be sent.
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Abstract

Species in the family Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera) parasitize exclusively ovoviviparous aphids. Females use a variety of information to detect and evaluate suitable hosts. Olfactory cues associated with aphids, or the aphids’ host plant, are important for host location. Visual cues including aphid colour, shape, and movement can be evaluated from a distance without physical contact; aphid movement may act as a releasing stimulus for attack. Contact chemosensory cues (gustatory cues) are evaluated by antennation of the host cuticle and during ovipositor probing. A potential host must conform to the wasp’s response profile and satisfy minimum physiological and dietary requirements for immature development and growth. Host quality is determined in part by attributes specific to each aphid species and in part by each aphid’s individual-specific growth potential. Host quality for male and female progeny may vary as a result of different patterns of resource allocation and sexual size dimorphism. For an encountered aphid to be accepted as a host, its perceived value must exceed the wasp’s response threshold for oviposition. Host value, as opposed to host quality, varies dynamically with parasitoid state variables such as age, egg load, and prior experience. A conceptual model of host choice by aphidiid wasps is presented.

Résumé

Les espèces de la famille des Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera) parasitent exclusivement les pucerons ovovivipares. Les femelles utilisent un grand nombre d’indices pour détecter et évaluer les hôtes acceptables. Les indices olfactifs associés aux pucerons, ou à la plante hôte des pucerons, jouent un rôle important dans la détection des hôtes. Les indices visuels, couleur, forme et déplacements des pucerons, peuvent servir même à distance, sans qu’il y ait contact physique avec les hôtes; les déplacements des pucerons peuvent agir comme stimuli déclencheurs de l’attaque des hôtes. Les indices chimiosensoriels de contact (indices gustatifs) sont évalués par contact des antennes avec la cuticule de l’hôte et par sondage au moyen de l’oviscapte. L’hôte potentiel doit correspondre au profil de réaction de la guêpe et satisfaire un minimum de conditions physiologiques et alimentaires nécessaires au développement et à la croissance des larves. La qualité des hôtes est déterminée en partie par les caractéristiques spécifiques à chaque espèce de puceron et en partie par le potentiel de croissance spécifique à chaque individu. La qualité de l’hôte comme support de la progéniture mâle et femelle peut varier selon les différents modes d’allocation des ressources et le dimorphisme sexuel de la taille. Pour qu’un puceron soit accepté comme hôte, sa valeur perçue doit excéder le seuil de réaction de ponte de la guêpe. La valeur de l’hôte, contrairement à la qualité de l’hôte, varient de façon dynamique en fonction des variables reliées à la condition, à l’âge, à la quantité d’oeufs, à l’expérience préalable. Un modèle conceptuel du choix d’un hôte par les guêpes aphidiidées est présenté.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 128 , Issue 6 , December 1996 , pp. 959 - 980
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

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