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INVITATION PAPER (C.P. ALEXANDER FUND): ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF MALE ACCESSORY GLAND DEVELOPMENT AND ACTIVITY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Cedric Gillott  and
Sarah B. Gaines
Cedric Gillott
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
Sarah B. Gaines
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
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Abstract

For most species, the male accessory glands are mesodermal derivatives. Their form is as varied as are the functions of the secretion they produce. The post-embryonic development and differentiation of the glands, like those of other tissues, appear to be regulated by the interaction of juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid, the former inhibiting and the latter promoting these processes. Post-eclosion accessory gland activity (i.e. production of secretion), for most species examined, is regulated by JH. However, the precise mechanism of control and the site of action are not at all clear. A limited amount of in vitro work indicates a direct action of JH on the accessory glands though only for Drosophila melanogaster Meigen has a JH-receptor protein been identified. The JH promotes the synthesis of specific proteins in the accessory gland secretion, and two proposals have been made for the site and mode of action of the hormone. In the first it is suggested that the hormone affects membrane permeability, thereby influencing the supply of protein precursors; in the second a more direct action of JH at the gene level is proposed, namely, the promotion of translation.

The involvement of ecdysteroids in accessory gland activity is virtually unexplored though there have been a few demonstrations that these hormones can stimulate protein synthesis. An hypothesis worth further consideration suggests that ecdysteroids may have a role in those species that eclose in a sexually mature condition, i.e. where the accessory glands have both differentiated and produced their secretion in the pupal or pharate adult stage, presumably in the absence of JH.

Résumé

Dans la majorité des espèces, les glandes annexes mâles sont dérivées du mésoderme. Leur forme est aussi diverse que sont les fonctions des sécrétions qu’elles produisent. Le développement et la différenciation post-embryonnaire des glandes, comme ceux des autres tissus, semblent être déterminés par une action réciproque de l’hormone juvénile (JH) et l’ecdysteroide, le premier inhibant et le dernier activant ces processus. L’activité après éclosion des glandes annexes (c’est-à-dire, production de sécrétion) est sous le contrôle de JH dans la majorité des espèces examinées. Cependant, le mécanisme exact de contrôle et le site d’action de l’hormone sont en aucune manière évidents. Des études préliminaires in vitro montrent une action directe de JH sur les glandes annexes, bien qu’une protéine réceptrice de JH n’a été identifiée que pour Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. JH facilite la synthèse de protéines spécifiques à la sécrétion des glandes annexes, et deux propositions fûrent formulées. Pour la première, on suggère que l’hormone influence la perméabilité des membranes, et par conséquent, l’approvisionnement des précurseurs de protéines; dans la deuxième, une action plus directe pour JH au niveau génétique est formulée, c’est-à-dire un rehaussement de la codification génétique.

Le rôle des ecdysteroides sur l’activité des glandes annexes est presque inexploré, bien qu’il se peut que ces hormones peuvent stimuler la synthèse de protéines. Une hypothèse qui doit être considérée plus à fond touche le rôle des ecdysteroides pour les espèces qui éclosent dans un état de maturité sexuelle, c’est-à-dire, pour qui les glandes annexes se sont différenciées et ont produit des sécrétions aux stades de développement chrysalide ou adulte pharate, probablement en l’absence de JH.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 124 , Issue 5 , October 1992 , pp. 871 - 886
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1992

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