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INFLUENCE OF AGE AND POPULATION SIZE ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT, AND OF TROPHALLAXIS ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT AND VITELLOGENIN TITRES OF QUEENLESS WORKER HONEY BEE (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Huarong Lin ,
Mark L. Winston ,
Norbert H. Haunerland  and
Keith N. Slessor
Huarong Lin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Mark L. Winston
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Norbert H. Haunerland
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Keith N. Slessor
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A IS6
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be sent at the following address: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA 48824 (E-mail: huarong@pilot.msn.edu).
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Abstract

We examined the factors that might influence ovary development in worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Queenless workers at different ages (≤ 12 h, and 4, 8, and 21 d) were tested in cages for ovarian development. Newly emerged, 4- and 8-d-old, and 21-d-old workers had medium-, large-, and small-sized ovaries, respectively, suggesting that of the worker ages tested only 4- and 8-d-old workers are likely to become egg layers in a queenless colony. Also, we compared ovarian development of newly emerged workers that were caged for 14 d and allowed to consume either pollen or royal jelly to that of another group of workers similarly caged but screened so that they could only obtain food via trophallaxis from young bees. Ovaries of newly emerged workers that received food from young bees were as well developed as those of newly emerged workers allowed to take pollen or royal jelly directly. Screened workers also had lower but still elevated vitellogenin levels compared with bees having direct access to food. These results indicate that nurse-age bees functioning as pollen-digesting units affect the ovarian development of other workers and to a lesser extent vitellogenesis via food exchange. We compared the influence of group sizes of 25, 125, and 600 bees per cage on ovarian development for 14 d. The two groups of 25 and 125 bees had similar mean ovary scores, and higher scores than a group of 600 bees. Our findings suggest that nurse-age bees could play an important role in mediating worker fertility via trophallaxis, possibly by differentiating worker dominance status, and generally only young workers become fertile when a queen is lost in a colony. Vitellogenin is a more sensitive parameter to measure bee fertility, and might be a useful tool to further explore ovary development and egg laying in worker social insects. We recommend measuring haemolymph vitellogenin titres and (or) oocyte length of workers in a group of 25 bees per cage, supplied with 50% royal jelly in honey as a standard method to assess honey bee worker fertility in future experiments.

Résumé

Nous avons examiné les facteurs susceptibles d’influencer le développement ovarien chez les ouvrières de l’Abeille domestique, Apis mellifera L. Des ouvrières d’âges divers (≤ 12 h, et 4, 8 et 21 jours) ont été placées dans des cages en l’absence de reine et leur développement ovarien a été suivi. Les ovaires étaient de taille moyenne chez les ouvrières fraîchement écloses, de grande taille chez les ouvrières âgées de 4 et 8 jours et de petite taille chez celles âgées de 21 jours, ce qui semble indiquer que seules les ouvrières de 4 et 8 jours sont susceptibles de pondre des oeufs au sein de la colonie sans reine. Nous avons également comparé le développement ovarien d’ouvrières fraîchement écloses, mises en cage pendant 14 jours et exposées à du pollen ou à de la gelée royale, avec le développement des ovaires chez les ouvrières d’un autre groupe, également mises en cage, mais sans accès à la gelée royale ou au pollen, et ne pouvant être nourries que par trophallaxie par les jeunes abeilles. Les ovaires des ouvrières fraîchement écloses et nourries par les jeunes abeilles avaient les ovaires aussi développés que ceux des ouvrières du même âge nourries de pollen ou de gelée royale. Les ouvrières sans accès direct à la nourriture avaient des concentrations de vitellogénine plus faibles, mais élevées malgré tout, comparativement aux ouvrières ayant accès à la nourriture. Ces résultats indiquent que les ouvrières qui sont en âge d’être nourricières et qui fonctionnent comme des unités digestives de pollen affectent le développement ovarien des autres ouvrières et influencent également, jusqu’à un certain point, la vitellogenèse via l’échange de nourriture. Nous avons comparé l’influence de la taille du groupe (25, 125 ou 600 abeilles par cage) sur le développement ovarien pendant 14 jours. Chez les groupes de 25 et 125 abeilles, le développement ovarien était le même (en moyenne) et plus complet que celui des abeilles du groupe de 600 individus. Nos résultats indiquent que les abeilles nourricières jouent probablement un rôle important comme médiatrices de fertilité des ouvrières par l’intermédiaire de la trophallaxie, peut-être en déclenchant la différenciation du statut de dominance des ouvrières; d’ailleurs, généralement seules les jeunes ouvrières deviennent fertiles en l’absence de la reine dans la colonie. La vitellogénine est une mesure plus sensible de la fertilité des abeilles et pourrait s’avérer un outil très utile pour étudier le développement ovarien et la ponte chez les ouvrières des insectes sociaux. Nous recommandons de titrer la vitellogénine dans l’hémolymphe et (ou) de mesurer la longueur des oocytes chez les ouvrières mises en cage en groupes de 25 et nourries de 50% de gelée royale dans du miel comme méthode standard d’évaluation de la fertilité des abeilles ouvrières.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 695 - 706
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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