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Impacts of seasonal kaolin particle films on apple pest management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A.L. Knight ,
B.A. Christianson ,
T.R. Unruh ,
G. Puterka  and
D.M. Glenn
A.L. Knight*
Affiliation:
Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington, United States 98951
B.A. Christianson
Affiliation:
Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington, United States 98951
T.R. Unruh
Affiliation:
Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington, United States 98951
G. Puterka
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States 25430
D.M. Glenn
Affiliation:
Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, United States 25430
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (e-mail: aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov).
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Abstract

The impact of multiple applications of the kaolin-based particle film M96-018 on the population density of selected pests of apple, Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosaceae), and their natural enemy populations were measured in several Washington State orchards from 1997 to 1999. Densities of western tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella (Doganlar and Mutuura) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), were significantly higher and percent parasitism was generally lower in treated plots than in untreated plots. The effect of M96-018 on green aphids (Aphis spp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was variable between orchards; however, populations of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were higher in treated plots than in untreated plots. M96-018 reduced the mean density of the white apple leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria (McAtee) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and the density of spiders (Araneae) compared with untreated plots. Fruit injury by codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was significantly reduced in the treated plots compared with the untreated plots. The effect of M96-018 on the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Hemiptera: Miridae), was variable between orchards and years. Stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) density and related fruit injury were unaffected by M96-018. Fruit infestation by San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), was significantly higher in treated plots than in untreated plots. Discontinuing applications of M96-018 at mid-season reduced the number of aphid-infested leaves and increased fruit injury by leafroller compared with a full-season program. No differences in pest densities occurred in plots treated for one versus two consecutive years; however, the density of phytophagous mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) was significantly higher the subsequent year after plots were treated with M96-018. Further studies are needed to elucidate how these disruptive impacts of particle films can be minimized.

Résumé

L’impact d’applications multiples de film de particules M96-018 à base de kaolin sur la densité de population de certaines espèces nuisibles aux pommiers, Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosaceae), et sur la densité de leurs ennemis naturels, a été mesuré dans plusieurs vergers de l’état du Washington, de 1997 à 1999. La densité des populations de la mineuse Phyllonorycter elmaella (Doganlar et Mutuura) (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) était significativement plus élevée et le pourcentage du parasitisme, généralement moins élevé dans les parcelles traitées que dans les parcelles non traitées. L’effet du M96-018 sur les pucerons verts (Aphis spp.) (Hemiptera : Aphididae) variait d’un verger à l’autre, mais les populations de Pucerons roses du pommier, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera : Aphididae), étaient plus importantes dans les vergers traités que dans les vergers non traités. Le M96-018 a réduit la densité des Cicadelles blanches du pommier, Typhlocyba pomaria (McAtee) (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae), et celle des araignées (Araneae), comparativement aux densités enregistrées dans les parcelles non traitées. Les blessures aux fruits dues au Carpocapse de la pomme, Cydia pomonella (L.), et à la Tordeuse du pommier, Archips argyrospilus (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), étaient significativement moins fréquentes dans les parcelles traitées. L’effet du M96-018 sur la Punaise de la molène, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Hemiptera : Miridae), variait d’un verger à l’autre et d’une année à l’autre. Le M96-018 est resté sans effet sur la densité des punaises puantes (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) et sur les blessures aux fruits qui leur étaient attribuées. L’infestation de Cochenilles de San Jose, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera : Diaspididae), a été significativement plus grave dans les vergers traités que dans les vergers non traités. L’arrêt des applications de M96-018 à la mi-saison a eu pour effet de diminuer le nombre de feuilles infestées de pucerons, mais a fait augmenter les blessures aux fruits causées par les carpocapses, par comparaison avec les effets d’une application complète. Il n’y avait pas de différence entre les parcelles traitées pendant 1 an et celles traitées pendant 2 ans quant à la densité des ravageurs; cependant, la densité des acariens phytophages (Acari : Tetranychidae) a été significativement plus élevée au cours de l’année qui a suivi l’application de M96-018. Il faudra procéder à des études plus poussées pour savoir comment minimiser les effets perturbateurs des films à particules.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 133 , Issue 3 , June 2001 , pp. 413 - 428
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

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