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Identification of a sex pheromone component for Pennisetia marginata (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2012

Gary J.R. Judd ,
Regine Gries ,
Carolyn Teasdale  and
Gerhard Gries
Gary J.R. Judd*
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia V0H 1Z0, Canada
Regine Gries
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
Carolyn Teasdale
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
Gerhard Gries
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: Gary.Judd@agr.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Raspberry crown borer, Pennisetia marginata (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a native North American species and pest of many cane fruits. Using coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection analyses (GC-EAD) we identified candidate sex pheromone components in pheromone gland extracts and effluvia from calling females. Analysis of gland extracts on a Zebron-5 column revealed four components (A, B, C, and D) that elicited strong responses from male antennae. The two most EAD-active components A and B were hypothesised to be (3E,13Z)-octadecadienal [(3E,13Z)-18:Ald] and (3E,13Z)-octadecadienol [(3E,13Z)-18:OH], respectively. Their retention times on other GC columns matched those of authentic standards, thus supporting structural assignments. Synthetic (3E,13Z)-18:Ald, and its GC rearrangement product (2E,13Z)-octadecadienal [(2E,13Z)-18:Ald; component C], also induced antennal responses in GC-EAD analyses of female effluvia. Compounds D in pheromone gland extract, and E and F in female effluvia, elicited EAD responses but could not be identified. In field trapping experiments, (3E,13Z)-18:Ald was the only component that attracted male P. marginata when tested alone. Attractiveness of (3E,13Z)-18:Ald was reduced when combined in binary or ternary blends with any of the other identified components, suggesting one or all may act as pheromone antagonists. In Aldergrove, British Columbia, Canada, peak diel attraction of male P. marginata to (3E,13Z)-18:Ald occurred between 16:00 and 18:00 hours Pacific Daylight Time, at temperatures of 21–23°C, on 30 August 2010, 3 September 2010, and 13 September 2010. We conclude that (3E,13Z)-18:Ald is the major pheromone component of P. marginata.

Résumé

Le rhizophage du framboisier, Pennisetia marginata (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), une espèce indigène d'Amérique du Nord, est un ravageur de plusieurs arbustes fruitiers à drageons. Des analyses couplées de chromatographie en phase gazeuse et de détection électroantennographique (GC-EAD) nous ont permis d'identifier des composantes potentielles de la phéromone sexuelle dans des extraits de glandes à phéromone et des effluves émises par des femelles en appel. L'analyse des extraits de glandes sur colonne de Zebron-5 a reconnu quatre composantes (A, B, C et D) qui provoquent de fortes réactions dans les antennes mâles. Notre hypothèse veut que les deux composantes les plus actives à l'EAD, A et B, soient respectivement le (3E,13Z)-octadécadiénal [(3E,13Z)-18:Ald] et le (3E,13Z)-octadécadiénol [(3E,13Z)-18:OH]. Leurs temps de rétention sur d'autres colonnes GC correspondent à ceux de standards authentiques, ce qui appuie leur assignation structurale. Le (3E,13Z)-18:Ald synthétique et son produit de réarrangement en GC, le (2E,13Z)-octadécadiénal [(2E,13Z)-18:Ald, composante C], produisent aussi des réactions antennaires dans les analyses CG-EAD des effluves de la femelle. Les composantes D dans l'extrait de glande à phéromone et E et F dans les effluves de la femelle provoquent des réactions EAD, mais ne peuvent être identifiées. Dans des expériences de piégeage sur le terrain, le (3E,13Z)-18:Ald est la seule composante qui attire des mâles de P. marginata lorsqu'elle est utilisée seule. L'attraction de (3E,13Z)-18:Ald est réduite lorsqu'il est combiné en mélanges binaires ou ternaires avec n'importe lesquelles des autres composantes identifiées, ce qui laisse croire que l'une ou l'ensemble de ces composantes peuvent agir comme antagonistes de la phéromone. À Aldergrove, en Colombie-Britannique, Canada, le pic journalier d'attraction des mâles de P. marginata par le (3E,13Z)-18:Ald s'est produit entre 16:00 et 18:00 h, heure avancée du Pacifique, à des températures de 21–23 °C, les 30 août 2010, 3 septembre 2010 et 13 septembre 2010. Nous concluons que le (3E,13Z)-18:Ald est la composante principale de la phéromone de P. marginata.

Type
Original Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 144 , Issue 6 , December 2012 , pp. 769 - 778
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2012

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