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HOST FINDING BEHAVIOR OF COELOIDES BRUNNERI (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J. V. Richerson  and
John H. Borden
J. V. Richerson
Affiliation:
Pestology Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
John H. Borden
Affiliation:
Pestology Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
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Abstract

The host-finding search patterns of Coeloides brunneri Viereck, a braconid parasite of Douglas-fir beetle larvae, were studied by visual observations and from tracings of the parasite’s path on a plastic cylinder wrapped around a beetle-infested log on which the parasite was searching. The female parasite locates its host, lying under approximately.6 cm of bark, through four distinct phases of host finding: random search, nonrandom search, oviposition, and nonsearch (resting and cleaning). Random search is characterized by large areas of bark being examined in a relatively straight path. Nonrandom search is a highly intensified examination of a small bark area and numerous turns of greater than 70°. Nonrandom search is initiated only at the end of a bark beetle gallery. Ovipositional probes are the culmination of successful host finding, in which the parasite paralyzes the host and deposits an egg. C. brunneri searched effectively on both Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins in Douglas-fir and D. ponderosae Hopkins in ponderosa pine, although there was a slightly more efficient search on D. pseudotsugae. The percentage of time spent in each search pattern was identical in 90-minute and 24-hour tests. A stimulus associated with the end of a larval gallery was concluded to be the key stimulus by which the parasite recognizes its host. Amputation experiments showed that the antennae are the principal receptor organs used in host finding. Various experiments and observations produced no evidence that sound or vibrations produced by the host, sound produced by the parasite (sonar), magnetism or odor of the host, or its host tree are used in host finding.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 104 , Issue 8 , August 1972 , pp. 1235 - 1250
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1972

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