Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:48:57.478Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL BLACKFLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) LARVICIDING WITH ABATE, DURSBAN, AND METHOXYCHLOR ON STREAM INVERTEBRATES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R. R. Wallace ,
A. S. West ,
A. E. R. Downe  and
H. B. N. Hynes
R. R. Wallace
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
A. S. West
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
A. E. R. Downe
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
H. B. N. Hynes
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of Abate, Dursban, and Methoxychlor and their diluents on black-fly larvae and on “non-target” stream invertebrates were evaluated by means of cone, rock, Surber, and drift samples. Blackfly larvae were found in many post-treatment Surber samples, although concurrent cone and rock samples often indicated that blackfly larvae were either greatly reduced in numbers or eradicated from the streams. The insecticide diluents (H.A.N, and fuel oil) caused detachment of blackfly larvae from cones, but less than that obtained when insecticide was added.

The heavy post-treatment drift of “non-target” invertebrates in treated streams is indicative of a considerable disturbance to the aquatic invertebrate community. However, post-treatment samples indicated that the “non-target” organisms studied were not eradicated from the streams.

There were several indications that the catch of invertebrate drift was altered by pools, which possibly exerted a delaying action on drifters in the treated streams. Most of the drifting invertebrates found in post-treatment drift nets were dead.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 105 , Issue 6 , June 1973 , pp. 817 - 831
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allen, K. R. 1959. The distribution of stream fauna. Proc. N.Z. ecol. Soc. 6: 5–8.Google Scholar
Cabejszek, I., Luczac, J., Maleszewska, J., and Stanislawska, J.. 1966. The effects of insecticides (Aldrin, Methoxychlor) on the physico-chemical properties of water and aquatic organisms. Verh. int. Verein. theor. angew. Limnol. 16: 963–968.Google Scholar
Carlsson, G. 1967. Environmental factors influencing blackfly populations. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 37: 139–150.Google ScholarPubMed
Chance, M. 1970. A review of chemical control methods for blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaest. ent. 6: 287–292.Google Scholar
Chutter, F. M. and Noble, R. G.. 1966. The reliability of a method of sampling stream invertebrates. Arch. Hydrobiol. 62: 95–103.Google Scholar
Coleman, M. J. and Hynes, H. B. N.. 1970. The vertical distribution of the invertebrate fauna in the bed of a stream. Limnol. Oceanog. 15: 31–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, D. M. 1950. A study of the blackfly population of a stream in Algonquin Park, Ontario. Trans. R. Can. Inst. 28: 121–159.Google Scholar
Dendy, J. S. 1944. The fate of animals in stream drift when carried into lakes. Ecol. Monogr. 14: 333–357.Google Scholar
Elliott, J. M. 1967. Invertebrate drift in a Dartmoor stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 63: 202–237.Google Scholar
Elliott, J. M. 1968. The life histories and drifting of Trichoptera in a Dartmoor stream. J. Anim. Ecol. 37: 615–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ericksen, C. H. 1968. Ecological significance of respiration and substrate for burrowing Ephemeroptera. Can. J. Zool. 46: 93–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredeen, F. J. H. 1970. A constant-rate liquid dispenser for use in blackfly larviciding. Mosquito News 30: 402–405.Google Scholar
Gaufin, A. R., Harris, E. K., and Walter, J. H.. 1956. A statistical evaluation of stream bottom sampling data obtained from three standard samplers. Ecology 37: 643–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorham, J. R. 1961. Aquatic insects and DDT forest spraying in Maine. Maine Forest Serv. Conserv. Found. Bull. 19. 50 pp.Google Scholar
Hatfield, C. T. 1969. Effects of DDT larviciding on aquatic fauna of Bobby's Brook, Labrador. Can. Fish. Cult. 40: 61–72.Google Scholar
Hocking, B. 1950. Further tests of insecticides against blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and a control procedure. Scient. Agric. 30: 489–508.Google Scholar
Hocking, B., Twinn, C. R., and McDuffie, W. C.. 1949. A preliminary evaluation of some insecticides against immature stages of blackflies. Scient. Agric. 29: 69–80.Google Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N. 1960. A plea for caution in the use of DDT in the control of aquatic insects in Africa. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 54: 331–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hynes, H. B. N. 1970 a. The ecology of stream insects. A. Rev. Ent. 15: 25–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N. 1970 b. The ecology of running waters. University of Toronto Press. 555 pp.Google Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N. and Coleman, M. J.. 1968. A simple method of assessing the annual production of stream benthos. Limnol. Oceanog. 13: 569–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamnback, H. and Frempong-Boadu, J.. 1966. Testing blackfly larvicides in the laboratory and in streams. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 34: 405–421.Google Scholar
Jamnback, H. and Eabry, J. S.. 1962. Effects of DDT, as used in blackfly larval control, on stream arthropods. J. econ. Ent. 55: 636–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamnback, H. and West, A. S.. 1970. Decreased susceptibility of blackfly larvae to p,p′-DDT in New York State and eastern Canada. J. econ. Ent. 63: 218–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, L. D. and Gaufin, A. R.. 1946 a. Effects of ten organic insecticides on two species of stonefly naiads. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93: 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, L. D.Gaufin, A. R.. 1964 b. Long term effect of organic insecticides on two species of stonefly naiads. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93: 357–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kershaw, W. E. et al. , 1968. The selective control of Simulium larvae by particulate insecticides and its significance in river management. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 62: 35–40.Google Scholar
Macan, T. T. 1962. Ecology of aquatic insects. A. Rev. Ent. 7: 261–288.Google Scholar
Macek, K. J. and Sanders, H. O.. 1970. Biological variation in the susceptibility of fish of aquatic invertebrates to DDT. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99: 89–90.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muirhead-Thompson, R. C. 1971. Pesticides and freshwater fauna. Academic Press. London and New York. 248 pp.Google Scholar
Needham, P. R. and Usinger, R. L.. 1956. Variability in the macrofauna of a single riffle in Prosser Creek, California, as indicated by the Surber sampler. Hilgardia 24: 383–409.Google Scholar
Peterson, B. V. and Davies, D. M.. 1960. Observations on some insect predators of black-flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Algonquin Park, Ontario. Can. J. Zool. 38: 9–18.Google Scholar
Sanders, H. O. and Cope, O. B.. 1968. The relative toxicities of several pesticides to naiads of three species of stoneflies. Limnol. Oceanog. 13: 112–117.Google Scholar
Smith, A. J. 1967. The effect of the lamprey larvicide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol on selected aquatic invertebrates. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 86: 410–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, T., Ito, Y., and Harada, S.. 1963. A record of blackfly larvae resistant to DDT in Japan. Jap. J. exp. Med. 33: 41–46.Google ScholarPubMed
Travis, B. V. and Schuchman, S. M.. 1968. Tests (1967) with blackfly larvicides. J. econ. Ent. 61: 843–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, R. R., Merritt, W. F., and West, A. S.. Dispersion and transport of Rhodamine B dye and Methoxychlor in running water: a preliminary study. Environ. Pollut. (In press.)Google Scholar
Waters, T. F. 1964. Recolonization of denuded stream bottom areas by drift. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93: 311–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, A. S. 1961. Biting fly control on the Quebec north shore. Proc. N.J. Mosq. Exterm. Ass. 48: 87–95.Google Scholar
Williams, T. R. and Obeng, L.. 1962. A comparison of the two methods of estimating changes in Simulium larval populations with a description of a new method. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 56: 359–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, R. C. H. and Snow, D. C.. 1972 (unpub.) Non-target effects of Abate, an organophosphorus insecticide. Environment Canada, Manuscript rep. 72–78. 177 pp.Google Scholar
Wolfe, L. S. and Peterson, D. G.. 1958. A new method to estimate levels of infestations of blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae). Can. J. Zool. 36: 863–867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar