Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T21:24:24.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Developmental parameters of a southern mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) population reveal potential source of latitudinal differences in generation time

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2018

Anne E. McManis ,
James A. Powell  and
Barbara J. Bentz
Anne E. McManis
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Utah, State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, United States of America
James A. Powell
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Utah, State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, United States of America Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah, State University, 3900 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, United States of America
Barbara J. Bentz*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, Utah, 84321, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: bbentz@fs.fed.us).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major disturbance agent in pine (Pinus Linnaeus; Pinaceae) ecosystems of western North America. Adaptation to local climates has resulted in primarily univoltine generation time across a thermally diverse latitudinal gradient. We hypothesised that voltinism patterns have been shaped by selection for slower developmental rates in southern populations inhabiting warmer climates. To investigate traits responsible for latitudinal differences we measured lifestage-specific development of southern mountain pine beetle eggs, larvae, and pupae across a range of temperatures. Developmental rate curves were fit using maximum posterior likelihood estimation with a Bayesian prior to improve fit stability. When compared to previously published data for a northern population, optimal development of southern individuals occurred at higher temperatures, with higher development thresholds, as compared with northern individuals. Observed developmental rates of the southern and northern populations were similar across studied lifestages at 20 °C, and southern lifestages were generally faster at temperature extremes (10 °C, 27 °C). At 25 °C southern fourth instars were significantly slower than northern fourth instars. Our results suggest that evolved traits in the fourth instar and remaining unstudied lifestage, teneral (i.e., preemergent) adult, likely influence latitudinal differences in mountain pine beetle generation time.

Type
Physiology, Biochemistry, Development, & Genetics
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 151 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 1 - 15
Copyright
© 2018 Entomological Society of Canada. Parts of this are a work of the U.S.Government and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Therese Poland

References

Addison, A., Powell, J., Bentz, B., and Six, D. 2014. Integrating models to investigate critical phenological overlaps in complex ecological interactions: the mountain pine beetle-fungus symbiosis. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 368: 55–66.Google Scholar
Bentz, B.J., Bracewell, R.R., Mock, K.E., and Pfrender, M.E. 2011. Genetic architecture and phenotypic plasticity of thermally-regulated traits in an eruptive species, Dendroctonus ponderosae . Evolutionary Ecology, 25: 1269–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-011-9474-x.Google Scholar
Bentz, B.J. and Hansen, E.M. 2017. Evidence for a prepupal diapause in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). Environmental Entomology, 47: 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvx192.Google Scholar
Bentz, B.J., Logan, J.A., and Amman, G.D. 1991. Temperature-dependent development of the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and simulation of its phenology. The Canadian Entomologist, 123: 1083–1094. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1231083-5.Google Scholar
Bentz, B.J., Logan, J.A., and Vandygriff, J.C. 2001. Latitudinal variation in Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) development time and adult size. The Canadian Entomologist, 133: 375–387.Google Scholar
Bentz, B.J. and Powell, J.A. 2014. Mountain pine beetle seasonal timing and constraints to bivoltinism. The American Naturalist, 184: 787–796.Google Scholar
Bentz, B.J., Vandygriff, J., Jensen, C., Coleman, T., Maloney, P., Smith, S., et al. 2014. Mountain pine beetle voltinism and life history characteristics across latitudinal and elevational gradients in the western United States. Forest Science, 60: 434–449.Google Scholar
Berryman, A.A., Dennis, B., Raffa, K.F., and Stenseth, N.C. 1985. Evolution of optimal group attack, with particular reference to bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Ecology, 66: 898–903. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940552.Google Scholar
Boone, C.K., Aukema, B.H., Bohlmann, J., Carroll, A.L., and Raffa, K.F. 2011. Efficacy of tree defense physiology varies with bark beetle population density: a basis for positive feedback in eruptive species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41: 1174–1188. https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-041.Google Scholar
Bracewell, R.R., Pfrender, M.E., Mock, K.E., and Bentz, B.J. 2013. Contrasting geographic patterns of genetic differentiation in body size and development time with reproductive isolation in Dentroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 106: 385–391. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN12133.Google Scholar
Conover, D.O. and Schultz, E.T. 1995. Phenotypic similarity and the evolutionary significance of countergradient variation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 10: 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89081-3.Google Scholar
Cooke, B.J. and Carroll, A.L. 2017. Predicting the risk of mountain pine beetle spread to eastern pine forests: considering uncertainty in uncertain times. Forest Ecology and Management, 396: 11–25.Google Scholar
Danks, H.V. 1987. Insect dormancy: an ecological perspective. Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series, 1: 1–439.Google Scholar
Deutsch, C.A., Tewksbury, J.J., Huey, R.B., Sheldon, K.S., Ghalambor, C.K., Haak, D.C., and Martin, P.R. 2008. Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105: 6668–6672. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709472105.Google Scholar
Dowle, E.J., Bracewell, R.R., Pfrender, M.E., Mock, K.E., Bentz, B.J., and Ragland, G.J. 2017. Reproductive isolation and environmental adaptation shape the phylogeography of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). Molecular Ecology, 26: 6071–6084.Google Scholar
Esperk, T., Tammaru, T., and Nylin, S. 2007. Intraspecific variability in number of larval instars in insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 100: 627–645.Google Scholar
Forrest, J.R.K. and James, D.T. 2011. An examination of synchrony between insect emergence and flowering in Rocky Mountain meadows. Ecological Monographs, 81: 469–491. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1885.1.Google Scholar
Franceschi, V.R., Krokene, P., Christiansen, E., and Krekling, T. 2005. Anatomical and chemical defenses of confer bark against bark beetles and other pests. New Phytologist, 167: 353–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01436.x.Google Scholar
Hansen, E.M., Bentz, B.J., and Turner, D.L. 2001. Physiological basis for flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 133: 805–817. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent133805-6.Google Scholar
Hicke, J.A., Meddens, A.J.H., and Kolden, C.A. 2016. Recent tree mortality in the western United States from bark beetles and forest fires. Forest Science, 62: 141–153. https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.15-086.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A.D. 1909. Contributions toward a monograph of the scolytid beetles. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.Google Scholar
Li, J.L., Johnson, S.L., and Banks Sobota, J. 2011. Three responses to small changes in stream temperature by autumn-emerging aquatic insects. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 30: 474–484. https://doi.org/10.1899/10-024.1.Google Scholar
Logan, J.A. and Bentz, B.J. 1999. Model analysis of mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) seasonality. Environmental Entomology, 28: 924–934. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/28.6.924.Google Scholar
Logan, J.A., Bentz, B.J., Vandygriff, J.C., and Turner, DL. 1998. General program for determining instar distributions from headcapsule widths: example analysis of mountain pine beetle (Coloeptera: Scolytidae) data. Environmental Entomology, 27: 555–563.Google Scholar
Lyon, R.L. 1958. A useful secondary sex character in Dendroctonus bark beetles. The Canadian Entomologist, 90: 582–584. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent90582-10.Google Scholar
McManis, A.E. 2018. Phenology of a southern population of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). Masters Thesis. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America. Available from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7006 [accessed 11 September 2018].Google Scholar
Myrholm, C.L. and Langor, D.W. 2016. Assessment of the impact of symbiont Ophiostomatales (Fungi) on mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) performance on a jack pine (Pinaceae) diet using a novel in vitro rearing method. The Canadian Entomologist, 148: 68–82.Google Scholar
Nijhout, H.F. 1994. Insect hormones. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.Google Scholar
Powell, J.A. and Logan, J.A. 2005. Insect seasonality: circle map analysis of temperature-driven life cycles. Theoretical Population Biology, 67: 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2004.10.001.Google Scholar
R Core Team. 2015. R: a language and environment for statistical computing [online]. Available from https://www.r-project.org [accessed 9 September 2018].Google Scholar
Raffa, K.F., Aukema, B.H., Bentz, B.J., Carroll, A.L., Hicke, J.A., Turner, M.G., and Romme, W.H. 2008. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. BioScience, 58: 501–517. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580607.Google Scholar
Régnière, J., Powell, J., Bentz, B., and Nealis, V. 2012. Effects of temperature on development, survival and reproduction of insects: experimental design, data analysis and modeling. Journal of Insect Physiology, 58: 634–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.01.010.Google Scholar
Rosenberger, D.W., Venette, R.C., and Aukema, B.H. 2018. Development of an aggressive bark beetle on novel hosts: implications for outbreaks in an invaded range. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55: 1526–1537.Google Scholar
Safranyik, L. and Carroll, A. 2006. The biology and epidemiology of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine forests. In The mountain pine beetle: a synthesis of its biology, management and impacts on lodgepole pine. Edited by L. Safranyik and B. Wilson. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Pp. 3–66. Available from http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/26116.pdf [accessed 9 September 2018].Google Scholar
Six, D. and Paine, T. 1998. Effects of mycangial fungi and host tree species on progeny survival and emergence of Dendroctonus ponderosae . Environmental Entomology, 27: 1392–1401.Google Scholar
Tauber, M.J. and Tauber, C.A. 1976. Insect seasonality: diapause maintenance, termination, and postdiapause development. Annual Review of Entomology, 21: 81–107. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.21.010176.000501.Google Scholar
Taylor, F. 1981. Ecology and evolution of physiological time in insects. The American Naturalist, 117: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1086/283683.Google Scholar
Weed, A.S., Bentz, B.J., Ayers, M.P., and Holmes, T.P. 2015. Geographically variable response of Dendroctonus ponderosae to winter warming in the western United States. Landscape Ecology, 30: 1075–1093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0170-z.Google Scholar