Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T00:47:22.871Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The politics of small business organization, partisanship and institutionalization: similarities in the contrasting cases of Japan and the US

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

James Babb
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Partisanship and institutionalization are more important to group formation and dynamics than is often recognized in the literature on interest groups. This study examines the contrasting cases of small business group formation and dynamics in Japan and the United States to demonstrate how opposition to the party or parties in power was crucial to the timing and nature of the largest small business organizations formed in both countries. Parties are also important to subsequent developments in the organization and institutional interactions of the sector. It is these processes which explain the divergent outcome whereby the US small business sector is identified with the political right and the small business in Japan with the political left.

Type
Research Articles
Information
Business and Politics , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , April 2014 , pp. 1 - 30
Copyright
Copyright © V.K. Aggarwal 2014 and published under exclusive license to Cambridge University Press 

References

Babb, James. 1996. “Japan's First Socialist Governments, 1947–1948: Social Class, Party Politics and the State.” Ph.D. diss., Stanford University.Google Scholar
Babb, James. 2001. Business and Politics in Japan. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Babb, James. 2002. “Two Currents of Conservatism in Modern Japan.” Social Science Japan Journal 5 (2): 215–232.Google Scholar
Berman, Russell. 2010. “Dems Receive Honors after Bucking Party on Key Agenda Points.” The Hill (7 October). Accessed 15 November 2010. http://thehill.com/homenews/house/123091-dems-receive-honors-after-bucking-party.Google Scholar
Blackford, Mansel G. 2003. A History of Small Business in America, 2nd edition. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Bonnen, J. T. 1992. “Why is There No Coherent U.S. Rural Policy?” Policy Studies Journal 20 (2): 190–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, William P. 1990. “Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches: A Search for Pluralism in a Policy Domain.” Journal of Politics 52 (2): 477–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunzel, John H. 1956. “Comparative Attitudes of Big Business and Small Business.” The Western Political Quarterly 9 (3): 658–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunzel, John H. 1962. The American Small Businessman. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Calder, Kent E. 1988. Crisis and Compensation: Public Policy and Political Stability in Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Davidson, Roger H. 1996. “In with the GOP: Building a New Regime on Capitol Hill.” The Brookings Review 14 (2): 36–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Democratic Party. 1980. “Democratic Party Platform.” The American Presidency Project. Accessed 5 October 2013. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29607.Google Scholar
de Tocqueville, Alexis. 2000. Democracy in America, translated and edited by Mansfield, Harvey C., and Winthrop, Delba. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiBacco, Thomas V. 1967. “American Business and Foreign Aid: The Eisenhower Years.” The Business History Review 41 (1): 21–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dicke, Thomas S. 1996. “The Small Business Tradition.” OAH Magazine of History 11 (1): 11–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dower, John W. 1990. “The Useful War.” Daedalus 119 (3): 49–70.Google Scholar
Form, William. 1982. “Self-Employed Manual Workers: Petty Bourgeois or Working Class?” Social Forces 60 (4): 1050–1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gale, William. 1994. “Public Policies and Private Pension Contributions.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 26 (3): 710–734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, Virginia and Lowery, David. 1996. “A Niche Theory of Interest Representation.” Journal of Politics 58 (1): 91–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamby, Alonzo L. 1972. “The Vital Center, the Fair Deal, and the Quest for a Liberal Political Economy.” The American Historical Review 77 (3): 653–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hari, Hisao. 1992. Jitsuroku Chūshō Kigyō Undō Shi: Senzen no Kourishō Mondai to Sengo no Chūshō Kigyō Mondai. [True Record Small and Medium Enterprise Movement History: Prewar Small Retail Issues and Post-war Small and Medium Enterprise Issues]. Tokyo: Dōbunkan Shuppan.Google Scholar
Harris, Sonja. 2010 “Republican National Committee Headquarters Tour – Manuel Rosales Deputy Director Coalitions and The Hispanic Vote.” Texas GOP Vote. Accessed 5 October 2013. http://www.texasgopvote.com/republican-national-committee-headquarters-tour-manuel-rosales-deputy-director-001881#sthash.q5NzU9A5.dpuf.Google Scholar
Heaney, Michael T. 2004. “Outside the Issue Niche: The Multidimensionality of Interest Group Identity.” American Politics Research 32 (6): 611–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaney, Michael T. 2010. “Linking Political Parties and Interest Groups.” In Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups, edited by Maisel, L. S. and Berry, J. M., 568–87. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hoover, Herbert. 1928. Landmark Document in American History; Box 91, Public Statements, Herbert Hoover Library, West Branch, 1A.Google Scholar
Horie, Fukashi and Iwao, Sumiko. 1978. Tomin no Sentaku [Municipal Citizen Choice]. Tokyo: Keio University Press.Google Scholar
Howard County Democratic Party (Maryland). 2006. “Steele Touts Support for Small Business in Maryland, but Supports Anti Small Business Policies of President Bush.” (9 May). Accessed 20 January 2007. http://www.howardcountydems.com/ht/d/ReleaseDetails/i/799672.Google Scholar
Ibata-Arens, Kathryn and Ōbayashi, Hiromichi. 2006. “Escaping the Japanese Pyramid: The Association of Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Entrepreneurs (SME Doyukai), 1947–1999.” Enterprise and Society 7 (1): 128–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikawa, Masumi and Yamaguchi, Jiro. 2010. Sengo Seiji Shi [Postwar Political History] 3rd ed. Tokyo: Iwanami Shinsho.Google Scholar
Japan Socialist Party, eds. 1990. Deetabukku Shakaitō 1990 [Socialist Party Databook 1990]. Tokyo: Rōdō Kyōiku Sentaa.Google Scholar
Jenkins, J. Craig and Eckert, Craig M. 2000. “The Right Turn in Economic Policy: Business Elites and the New Conservative Economics.” Sociological Forum 15 (2): 307–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koger, Gregory, Masket, Seth and Noel, Hans. 2009. “Partisan Webs: Information Exchange and Party Networks.” British Journal of Political Science 39: 633–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koistinen, Paul A.C. 1973. “Mobilizing the World War II Economy: Labor and the Industrial-Military Alliance.” Pacific Historical Review 42 (4): 443–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krecker, Margaret L. and O'Rand, Angela M. 1991. “Contested Milieux: Small Firms, Unionization and the Provision of Protective Structures.” Sociological Forum 6 (1): 93–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, Martha J. and Grossman, Michael B. 1986. “Political Communications from the White House; The Interest Group Connection.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 16 (1): 92–101.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Jill. 2013. “Business Tries to Tame Tea-Party Conservatives It Helped Elect.” National Journal (19 August). Accessed 7 October 2013. http://www.nationaljournal.com/domesticpolicy/business-tries-to-tame-tea-party-conservatives-it-helped-elect-20130819.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1955. “The Radical Right: A Problem for American Democracy.” The British Journal of Sociology 6 (2): 176–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1959. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
McMillan, John and Woodruff, Christopher. 2002. “The Central Role of Entrepreneurs in Transition Economies.” The Journal of Economic Perspective 16 (3): 153–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McQuaid, Kim. 1978. “Corporate Liberalism in the American Business Community, 1920–1940.” The Business History Review 52 (3): 342–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitake, Ichiro. 1985. Seitō Shiji no Bunseki. Tokyo: Sōbun Sha.Google Scholar
Mori, Takemaro. 1981. “Nihon Fashizumu to Toshi Burushoazi: Yuki-cho Kōdō Hōkōkai o Chūshin toshite.” [Japanese Fascism and the Urban Bourgeoisie: A Focus on the Imperial Way Loyal Service Association of the Town of Yuki.] In Nihon Fashizumu [Japanese Fascism], vol. 2: Kokumin Tōgō to Taishū Dōin [Unification of the Nation and Mobilization of the Masses] edited by the Nihon Gendai Shi Kenkyukai. Tokyo: Otsuki Shoten.Google Scholar
Morris, Jonathan. 1993. The Political Economy of Shopkeeping in Milan, 1886–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neustadtl, Alan Scott, Denise and Clawson, Dan. 1991. “Class Struggle in Campaign Finance? Political Action Committee Contributions in the 1984 Elections.” Sociological Forum 6 (3): 219–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nord, Philip G. 1986. Paris Shopkeepers and the Politics of Resentment. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Peck, Merton J., Levin, Richard C. and Goto, Akira. 1987. “Picking Losers: Public Policy toward Declining Industries in Japan.” Journal of Japanese Studies 13 (1): 79–123.Google Scholar
Pendleton, Herring E., 1931. “Chambres de Commerce: Their Legal Status and Political Significance.” The American Political Science Review 25 (3): 689–99.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 1995. “Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital.” Journal of Democracy 6 (1): 65–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quadagno, Jill. 2004. “Why the United States Has No National Health Insurance: Stakeholder Mobilization against the Welfare State, 1945–1996.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 45: 25–44.Google ScholarPubMed
Reisinger, Anne L. 1997. “Review of a Lost Cause: Bill Clinton's Campaign for National Health Insurance by Nicholas Laham.” Political Science Quarterly 112 (3): 522–523.Google Scholar
Masamichi, Rōyama, Nobushige, Ukai, Kiyoaki, Tsuji, Jikichiō, Kawahara and Kikuo, Nakamura. 1955. Sōsenkyō no Jitai [The Truth about General Elections], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar
Sakano, Yoshirō. 1948. Jimintō kara Minjitō e: Hoshu Seitō no Kaiwari. [From Liberal Democratic Party to the Democratic Liberal Party: Dissection of a Conservative Political Party]. Tokyo: Itō Shoten.Google Scholar
Salisbury, Robert H. 1969. “An Exchange Theory of Interest Groups.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 13 (1): 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shermer, Elizabeth Tandy. 2008. “Origins of the Conservative Ascendancy: Barry Goldwater's Early Senate Career and the De-legitimization of Organized Labor.” The Journal of American History 95 (3): 678–709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shindō, Jinshirō. 1976. Minshō/Zenshōren no Ayumi [The Progress of Minshō/Zenshōren]. Tokyo: Ōhashi Chūji.Google Scholar
Shioda, Sakiko. 1979. “Senji Tōsei Keizai ka no Chūshō Shōkō Gyōsha.” [Small and Medium Merchants and Manufacturers in the Wartime Controlled Economy]. In Taikei Gendai Shi 4: Sensō to Kokka Dokusen Shihonshugi [Systematic Modern History: The War and State Monopoly Capitalism] edited by Nakamura, Masanori. Tokyo: Nihon Hyōron Sha.Google Scholar
Skinner, Richard M. 2004. “Interest Groups and the Party Networks: Views From Inside the Beltway.” Southern Political Science Association Annual Meeting.Google Scholar
Steiner, Kurt. 1980. “Progressive Local Administrations.” In Political Oppositions and Local Politics in Japan, edited by Steiner, Kurt, Krauss, Ellis and Flanagan, Scott. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tipton, Frank Jr. 1979. “Small Business and the Rise of Hitler: A review article.” The Business History Review 53 (2): 235–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trow, Martin. 1958. “Small Businessmen, Political Tolerance and Support for McCarthy.” The American Journal of Sociology 64 (3): 270–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Truman, David. 1951. The Governmental Process. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Trzcinski, Eileen and Finn-Stevenson, Matia. 1991. “A Response to Arguments against Mandated Parental Leave: Findings from the Connecticut Survey of Parental Leave Policies.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 53 (2): 445–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Jack. 1991. Mobilizing Interest Groups in America: Patrons, Professions, and Social Movements. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winkler, Heinrich A. 1976. “From Social Protectionism to National Socialism: The German Small-Business Movement in Comparative Perspective.” The Journal of Modern History 48 (1): 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veugelers, John. 2000. “Right-Wing Extremism in Contemporary France: A ‘Silent Counterrevolution’?” The Sociological Quarterly 41 (1): 19–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, McGee. 2008. “The Political Roots of Small Business Identity.” Polity 40 (4): 436–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zenshōren History Editorial Committee. 1961. Minshō/Zenshōren no Sanjūnen [The Thirty Years of Minshō/Zenshōren]. Tokyo: Zenkoku Shōkō Dantai Rengokai.Google Scholar