Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T01:17:20.071Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weather associated with spring and summer migrations of rice pests and other insects in south-eastern and Eastern Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

A. P. Mills ,
J. F. Rutter  and
L. J. Rosenberg
A. P. Mills
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK
J. F. Rutter
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK
L. J. Rosenberg*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK
*
Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Trajectory analysis of the windfields at 10 m and 1.5 km was used to determine the direction and extent of windborne movements of insects trapped in spring and summer in south-eastern and eastern Asia for the period 1968 to 1985. Approximately 2500 trajectories, depicting the movements of airborne particles, were constructed where temperatures were high enough (>=10°C) to allow flight and where wind speeds (> =5 kmh−1) were expected to lead to downwind displacements. Trap catches were dominated (97%) by delphacid species (e.g. Nilaparvata lugens Stål and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)), with Cicadellidae (1.1%) and Diptera (0.7%) as the next most numerous. Very few Lepidoptera were reported. Most trajectories were less than or equal to 40 h in duration. The previously recognized northwards migration along a broad front in prevailing Summer Monsoon and Trade winds was confirmed, as was the important role of frontal depressions in the windborne migration of insects in temperate areas. Nearly 50% of the trajectories were constructed in mobile weather systems which both disturbed and strengthened the prevailing winds and led to pronounced differences in the direction and distance of sources for insects caught at any catching site. Similarly, fluctuations in position of quasi-stationary fronts induced considerable mixing of populations from different sources and influenced the northern extent of each phase of rice pest migration. The results supported earlier findings that migrations occurred between the tropics and temperate areas during the spring and summer, but also indicated that migrations within the tropics at this time of year were a more frequent occurrence than had been considered previously.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 86 , Issue 6 , December 1996 , pp. 683 - 694
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Asahina, S. (1970) Transoceanic flight of mosquitoes on the Northwest Pacific. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 23, 255–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asahina, S. & Tsurouka, S. (1968) (Records of insects which visited a weather-ship located at the Ocean Weather Station “Tango” on the Pacific. II. Insects captured during 1967). Kontyu 36, 190–202.Google Scholar
Asahina, S. & Tsurouka, S. (1970) (Records of insects which visited a weather-ship located at the Ocean Weather Station “Tango” on the Pacific. V. Insects captured during 1968). Kontyu 38, 318–330.Google Scholar
Baker, P.S., Cooter, R.J., Chang, P.M. & Hashim, H.B. (1980) The flight capabilities of laboratory and tropical field populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 589–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C.S., Geng, J.G. & Zhou, W.J. (1981) A study on the migratory route of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in China. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural College 9, 1–12.Google Scholar
Chen, R.C. & Cheng, X.N. (1980) (Take off behaviour of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) and its synchronous relations to the biological rhythm and environmental factors). Journal of Nanjing Agricultural College 2, 1–8.Google Scholar
Chen, R.-L., Bao, X.-Z., Drake, V.A., Farrow, R.A., Wang, S.-Y., Sun, Y.-J. & Zhai, B.P. (1989) Radar observations of the spring migration into northeastern China of the oriental armyworm moth, Mythimna separata, and other insects. Ecological Entomology 14, 149–162.Google Scholar
Cheng, S.N., Chen, J.C., Si, H., Yan, L.M., Chu, T.L., Wu, C.T., Chien, J.K. & Yan, C.S. (1979) Studies on the migrations of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. Acta Entomologica Sinica 22, 1–21.Google Scholar
Clarke, J.F., Clarke, T.L., Ching, J.K.S., Haagenson, P.L., Husar, R.B. & Patterson, D.E. (1983) Assessment of model simulation of long-distance transport. Atmospheric Environment 17, 2449–2462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domros, M. & Peng, G.-B. (1988) The climate of China. 362 pp. Berlin, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dung, W.S. (1981) A general survey on seasonal migrations of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) by means of airplane collections. Acta Phytophylactica Sinica 8, 74–82.Google Scholar
Fox, K.J. (1973) Migrant Lepidoptera in New Zealand 1972–1973. New Zealand Entomologist 5, 268–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, K.J. (1978) The transoceanic migration of Lepidoptera to New Zealand — a history and a hypothesis on colonisation. New Zealand Entomologist 6, 368–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geng, J., Zhang, J.X., Zhang, X.X., Magor, J.I. & Pender, J. (1990) (Trajectory analysis on ship captures of rice leaf roller southward migration.) Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 13, 48–53.Google Scholar
Glick, P.A. (1939) The distribution of insects, spiders and mites in the air. USDA Technical Bulletin No. 673. 150 pp. WashingtonD.C., USDA.Google Scholar
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection Brown Planthopper Research Group (1979) (Studies on the regularity of migration of the brown planthopper.) Guangdong Nongye Kexue 3, 43–48.Google Scholar
Guilmette, J.E., Holzapfel, E.P. Jr. & Tsuda, D.M. (1970) Trapping of air-borne insects on ships in the Pacific, part 8. Pacific Insects 12, 303–325.Google Scholar
Hayashi, K., Suzuki, H. & Asahina, S. (1978) Note on transoceanic insects captured on East China Sea in 1977. Tropical Medicine 20, 131–142.Google Scholar
Hayashi, K., Suzuki, H., Makino, Y. & Asahina, S. (1979) Note on transoceanic insects captured on East China Sea in 1976, 1977, 1979. Tropical Medicine 21, 1–10.Google Scholar
Hidaka, T. (1989) Report on the project predicting the longdistance migration of insect pests. Research Report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Japan, 217 pp.Google Scholar
Hirao, J. (1974) Catches of migrating planthoppers on the East China Sea in late June 1973. Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 20, 15–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirao, J., Inoue, H. & Oya, S. (1984) Proportion of viruliferous immigrants of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) transmitting rice grassy stunt virus during 1979–1983. Applied Entomology and Zoology 19, 257–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirao, J. & Ito, K. (1980) Observations on rice planthopper collected over the East China Sea in June and July 1974. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 24, 121–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holzapfel, E.P., Clagg, H.B. & Goff, M.L. (1978) Trapping of air-borne insects on ships over the Pacific, part 9. Pacific Insects 19, 65–90.Google Scholar
Hsu, S.A. (1981) Models for estimating offshore winds from onshore meteorological measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 20, 341–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ijima, T. (1973) Investigation of migrating insects over the East China Sea in 1973. Plant Protection 27, 493–495.Google Scholar
Itakura, H. (1973) The relation between leafhoppers which flew into the Southern Fix and the weather in 1973. Plant Protection 27, 489–492.Google Scholar
Jia, P.H. (1985) A brief report on long distance migration and mark-recapture of cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon) in China. Plant Protection (Journal of the Society of Plant Protection of China) 11, 20.Google Scholar
Jiang, G.H., Tan, H.Q., Shen, W.Z., Cheng, X.N. & Chen, R.C. (1981) The relation between long-distance northward migration of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) and synoptic weather conditions. Acta Entomologica Sinica 24, 251–261.Google Scholar
Johnson, C.G. (1969) Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. 763 pp. London, Methuen.Google Scholar
Johnson, S.J. & Mason, L.J. (1985) The Noctuidae: A case history. pp. 421–433in Mackenzie, D.R., Barfield, C.S., Kennedy, G.G. & Berger, R.D. with Taranto, D.J. (Eds) The movement and dispersal of agriculturally important biotic agents. Baton Rouge, Claitors.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1971) Long distance migration of planthoppers Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens. pp. 201–216in Proceedings of a Symposium on rice insects 19–24 July, 1971. Tokyo, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry (Tropical Agricultural Research Series no. 5).Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1976) Synoptic weather conditions inducing long-distance immigration of planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera Horváth and Nilaparvata lugens Stål. Ecological Entomology 1, 95–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1979) Brown planthopper migration. pp. 113–124in International Rice Research Institute (Eds) Brown planthopper: threat to rice production in Asia. Los Banos, Philippines, International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1981) Development, behaviour, population dynamics and control of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. Review of Plant Protection Research 14, 26–58.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1987) Ecology of planthopper migration. pp. 41–54in Wilson, M.R. & Nault, L.R. (Eds) Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Economic Importance, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA, 28 July-1st August 1986. London, CAB International Institute of Entomology.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1991) Long distance migration of rice insects. pp. 167–195in Heinrichs, E.A. & Miller, T.A. (Eds) Rice insects: management strategies. New York, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisimoto, R. & Dyck, V.A. (1976) Climate and rice insects. pp. 367–390 in Proceedings of the Symposium on Climate and Rice. Los Banos, Philippines, International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. & Rosenberg, L.J. (1994) Long-distance migration in delphacid planthoppers. pp. 302–222 in Denno, R.F. & Perfect, T.J. (Eds) Planthoppers: their ecology and management. New York, Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisimoto, R., Hirao, J., Hirahara, Y. & Tanaka, A. (1982) Synchronization in migratory flight of planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens Stål and Sogatella furcifera Horváth (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in south-western Japan. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 26, 112–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, K-P., Wong, H-H. & Woo, W-S. (1964) (Route of the seasonal migration of the Oriental Armyworm Moth in the eastern part of China as indicated by a three-year experiment with the release and recapture of marked moths). Acta Phytophylactica Sinica 3, 101–110.Google Scholar
Liu, C.-H. (1985) Study on the long-distance migration of the brown planthopper in Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Entomology 4, 49–54.Google Scholar
Liu, H.Q., Liu, Z.J. & Zhu, W.H. (1983) (Results of net-trapping of brown planthoppers over the China Seas). Acta Entomologica Sinica 26, 109–113.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, S., Ninomiya, K. & Yoshizumi, S. (1971) Characteristic features of “Baiu” front associated with heavy rainfall. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 49, 267–281.Google Scholar
Meteorological Office (1962) Elementary meteorology. 208 pp. London, HMSO.Google Scholar
Mochida, O. (1974) Long-distance movement of Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) across the East China Sea. Rice Entomology Newsletter 1, 18–22.Google Scholar
Nanjing Agricultural College Department of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Province Chenzou Prefecture Institute of Agriculture, Guangxi Zhungu Autonomous Region Guilin Prefecture Bureau of Agriculture (1981) (Test on the releasing and recapturing of marked planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera). Acta Ecologica Sinica 1, 49–53.Google Scholar
Ninomiya, K. & Murakami, T. (1987) The early rainy season (Baiu) over Japan. pp. 93–121in Chang, C.P. & Krishnamurthi, T.N. (Eds) Monsoon meteorology. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Noda, H. (1986) Pre-mating flight of rice planthopper migrants (Homoptera: Delphacidae) collected over the East China Sea. Applied Entomology and Zoology 21, 175–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohkubo, N. (1973) (Experimental studies on the flight of planthoppers by the tethered flight technique. I. Characteristics of flight of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and effects of some physical factors). Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 17, 10–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohkubo, N. (1981) (Behavioural and ecological studies on the migratory flight of rice planthoppers.) PhD dissertation, Kyoto University, Japan.Google Scholar
Ohkubo, N. & Kisimoto, R. (1971) Diurnal periodicity of flight behaviour of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, in the 4th and 5th emergence periods. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 15, 8–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okuma, C. (1981) Air borne spiders collected over the East China Sea. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 25, 296–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oya, S. & Hirao, J. (1982) Catches of migrating rice planthoppers on the East China Sea and northern Kyushu, Japan in late June 1981. Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 28, 117–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padgham, D.E. (1983a) Flight fuels in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Journal of Insect Physiology 29, 95–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padgham, D.E. (1983b) The influence of the host-plant on the development of the adult brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and its significance in migration. Bulletin of Entomological Research 73, 117–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padgham, D.E., Perfect, T.J. & Cook, A.G. (1987) Flight behaviour in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Ståll) (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Insect Science and its Applications 8, 71–75.Google Scholar
Palmer, C.E., Wise, C.W., Stempson, L.J. & Duncan, G.H. (1955) The practical aspect of tropical meteorology. Air Force Surveys in Geophysics, No. 76. 195 pp. Massachussets, Air Force Cambridge Research Center.Google Scholar
Pender, J. (1994) Migration of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) with special reference to synoptic meteorology. Grana 33, 4 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perfect, T.J. & Cook, A.G. (1982) Diurnal periodicity of flight in some Delphacidae and Cicadellidae associated with rice. Ecological Entomology 7, 317–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, D.R. & Wilson, M.R. (1989) Aerial samples of micro-insects migrating at night over central India. Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 6, 89–101.Google Scholar
Riley, J.R., Cheng, X.-N., Zhang, X.-X., Reynolds, D.R., Xu, G.-M., Smith, A.D., Cheng, J.-Y., Bao, A.-D. & Zhai, B.-P. (1991) The long distance migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) in China: radar observations of mass return flight in the autumn. Ecological Entomology 16, 471–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R., Reynolds, D.R. & Farrow, R.A. (1987) The migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) and other Hemiptera associated with rice during the dry season in the Philippines: a study using radar, visual observations, aerial netting and ground trapping. Bulletin of Entomological Research 77, 145–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, L.J. & Magor, J.I. (1983) Flight duration of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Ecological Entomology 8, 341–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, L.J. & Magor, J.I. (1984) Flight duration of the brown planthopper. International Rice Research Newsletter 9, 30.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, L.J. & Magor, J.I. (1986) Modelling the effects of changing windfields on migratory flights of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. pp. 345–356in McLean, G.D., Garrett, R.G. & Ruesink, W.G. (Eds) Plant virus epidemics: monitoring, modelling and predicting outbreaks. Sydney, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, L.J. & Magor, J.I. (1987) Predicting windborne displacements of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens from synoptic weather data. I. Long distance displacements in the north-east monsoon. Journal of Animal Ecology 56, 39–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royal Observatory Hong Kong (1984) Meteorological Results 1983. Part III. Tropical cyclone summaries. 84 pp. Hong Kong, Government Printers.Google Scholar
Satomi, H. & Itakura, H. (1970) Synoptic weather conditions at flight of planthoppers at the Ocean Weather Station “Tango” on the Pacific. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 3.Google Scholar
Saxena, R.C. & Justo, H.D. (1980) Long distance migration of brown planthoppers in the Philippines Archipelago. 11th Annual Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philippines, Cebu City 23–26 April 1979.Google Scholar
Seino, H., Shiotsuki, Y., Oya, S. & Hirai, Y. (1987) Prediction of long distance migration of rice planthoppers to Northern Kyushu considering low-level jet streams. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 43, 203–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sogawa, K. & Watanabe, T. (1992) Redistribution of rice planthoppers and its synoptic monitoring in East Asia. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center Technical Bulletin no. 131. 9 pp. Taipei, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center Asian Pacific Region.Google Scholar
Suzuki, H., Hayashi, K. & Asahina, S. (1977) Note on the transoceanic insects captured on East China Sea in 1976. Tropical Medicine 19, 85–93.Google Scholar
Tsurumachi, M. (1978) Planthoppers caught on the East China Sea in June and July, 1976. Proceedings of the Kanto Plant Protection Society 25, 87.Google Scholar
Tu, C.W. (1980) The brown planthopper and its control in China. pp. 149–156in Hargrove, T.R. (Ed) Rice improvement in China and other Asian countries. Los Banos, International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Wada, T., Seino, H., Ogawa, Y. & Nagasuga, T. (1987) Evidence of autumn overseas migration in the rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera: analysis of light trap catches and associated weather patterns. Ecological Entomology 12, 321–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, T. & Seino, H. (1991) Correlation between the immigration area of rice planthoppers and the low-level jet stream in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 26, 457–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, S.J. & Zhou, C.D. (1986) Models for medium- and long-range forecasting of the amount of migration of first generation moths into the outbreak area of second generation armyworm. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 3, 279–384.Google Scholar
Zhu, S.Y., Wu, C.Z., Du, J.Y., Huang, X.Q., Shua, Y.H. & Hong, F.L. (1982) A summary report on the long-distance migration of the brown planthopper. Guangdong Agricultural Science 4, 22–24.Google Scholar