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Role of plant volatiles and hetero-specific pheromone components in the wind tunnel response of male Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to modified sex pheromone blends

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

B. Ammagarahalli ,
L. Chianella ,
P. Gomes  and
C. Gemeno
B. Ammagarahalli*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
L. Chianella
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
P. Gomes
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
C. Gemeno*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +34 (973)702531 Fax: +34 (973)238264 E-mail: nnnbyrareddy20@gmail.com and cesar.gemeno@pvcf.udl.cat
*Author for correspondence Phone: +34 (973)702531 Fax: +34 (973)238264 E-mail: nnnbyrareddy20@gmail.com and cesar.gemeno@pvcf.udl.cat
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Abstract

Female Grapholita molesta (Busck) release a pheromone blend composed of two stereoisomeric acetates (Z8-12:Ac and E8-12:Ac), which in a 100:6 ratio stimulate maximum conspecific male approach. Z8-12:OH is described as a third pheromone component that increases responses to the acetate blend. Departures from the optimal pheromone blend ratio, or too high or low pheromone doses of the optimal blend ratio, result in lower male response. In a previous study, we show that plant volatiles synergize male response to a suboptimal-low pheromone concentration. In the present study, we show that the plant blend does not synergize male response to a suboptimal-high pheromone dose. The plant blend, however, synergized male response to pheromone blends containing unnatural Z:E-acetate isomer ratios. We revisited the role of alcohols in the pheromone response of G. molesta by replacing Z8-12:OH with conspecific and heterospecific pheromone alcohols or with plant odors. Codlemone, the alcohol sex pheromone of Cydia pomonella L., E8, E10-12:OH, did supplant the role of Z8-12:OH, and so did the plant volatile blend. Dodecenol (12:OH), which has been described as a fourth pheromone component of G. molesta, also increased responses, but not as much as Z8-12:OH, codlemone or the plant blend. Our results reveal new functions for plant volatiles on moth sex pheromone response under laboratory conditions, and shed new light on the role of alcohol ingredients in the pheromone blend of G. molesta.

Keywords

insectmotholfactionbehavior
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 107 , Issue 5 , October 2017 , pp. 573 - 582
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

†

Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, USA.

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