Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T00:30:51.482Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nuclear DNA content of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) estimated by flow cytometry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J.K. Brown ,
G.M. Lambert ,
M. Ghanim ,
H. Czosnek  and
D.W. Galbraith
J.K. Brown*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
G.M. Lambert
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
M. Ghanim
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
H. Czosnek
Affiliation:
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
D.W. Galbraith
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
*
*Fax: ++1-520-621-8839 E-mail: jbrown@ag.arizona.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The nuclear DNA content of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennnadius) was estimated using flow cytometry. Male and female nuclei were stained with propidium iodide and their DNA content was estimated using chicken red blood cells and Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Brassicaceae) as external standards. The estimated nuclear DNA content of male and female B. tabaci was 1.04 and 2.06 pg, respectively. These results corroborated previous reports based on chromosome counting, which showed that B. tabaci males are haploid and females are diploid. Conversion between DNA content and genome size (1 pg DNA = 980 Mbp) indicate that the haploid genome size of B. tabaci is 1020 Mbp, which is approximately five times the size of the genome of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. These results provide an important baseline that will facilitate genomics-based research for the B. tabaci complex.

Keywords

Bemisia tabacinuclear DNAgenomeflow cytometryHemiptera
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 95 , Issue 4 , July 2005 , pp. 309 - 312
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, M.D., Celniker, S.E., Holt, R.A., Evans, C.A., Gocayne, J.D., Amanatides, P.G., Scherer, S.E., Li, P.W., Hoskins, R.A., Galle, R.F., George, R.A., Lewis, S.E., Richards, S., Ashburner, M., Henderson, S.N., Sutton, G.G., Wortman, J.R., Yandell, M.D., Zhang, Q., Chen, L.X., Brandon, R.C., Rogers, Y.H., Blazej, R.G., Champe, M., Pfeiffer, B.D., Wan, K.H., Doyle, C., Baxter, E.G., Helt, G., Nelson, C.R., Gabor, G.L., Abril, J.F., Agbayani, A., An, H.J., Andrews-Pfannkoch, C., Baldwin, D., Ballew, R.M., Basu, A., Baxendale, J., Bayraktaroglu, L., Beasley, E.M., Beeson, K.Y., Benos, P.V., Berman, B.P., Bhandari, D., Bolshakov, S., Borkova, D., Botchan, M.R., Bouck, J., Brokstein, P., Brottier, P., Burtis, K.C., Busam, D.A., Butler, H., Cadieu, E., Center, A., Chandra, I., Cherry, J.M., Cawley, S., Dahlke, C., Davenport, L.B., Davies, P., de Pablos, B., Delcher, A., Deng, Z., Mays, A.D., Dew, I., Dietz, S.M., Dodson, K., Doup, L.E., Downes, M., Dugan-Rocha, S., Dunkov, B.C., Dunn, P., Durbin, K.J., Evangelista, C.C., Ferraz, C., Ferriera, S., Fleischmann, W., Fosler, C., Gabrielian, A.E., Garg, N.S., Gelbart, W.M., Glasser, K., Glodek, A., Gong, F., Gorrell, J.H., Gu, Z., Guan, P., Harris, M., Harris, N.L., Harvey, D., Heiman, T.J., Hernandez, J.R., Houck, J., Hostin, D., Houston, K.A., Howland, T.J., Wei, M.H., Ibegwam, C., Jalali, M., Kalush, F., Karpen, G.H., Ke, Z., Kennison, J.A., Ketchum, K.A., Kimmel, B.E., Kodira, C.D., Kraft, C., Kravitz, S., Kulp, D., Lai, Z., Lasko, P., Lei, Y., Levitsky, A.A., Li, J., Li, Z., Liang, Y., Lin, X., Liu, X., Mattei, B., McIntosh, T.C., McLeod, M.P., McPherson, D., Merkulov, G., Milshina, N.V., Mobarry, C., Morris, J., Moshrefi, A., Mount, S.M., Moy, M., Murphy, B., Murphy, L., Muzny, D.M., Nelson, D.L., Nelson, D.R., Nelson, K.A., Nixon, K., Nusskern, D.R., Pacleb, J.M., Palazzolo, M., Pittman, G.S., Pan, S., Pollard, J., Puri, V., Reese, M.G., Reinert, K., Remington, K., Saunders, R.D., Scheeler, F., Shen, H., Shue, B.C., Siden-Kiamos, I., Simpson, M., Skupski, M.P., Smith, T., Spier, E., Spradling, A.C., Stapleton, M., Strong, R., Sun, E., Svirskas, R., Tector, C., Turner, R., Venter, E., Wang, A.H., Wang, X., Wang, Z.Y., Wassarman, D.A., Weinstock, G.M., Weissenbach, J., Williams, S.M., Woodage, T., Worley, K.C., Wu, D., Yang, S., Yao, Q.A., Ye, J., Yeh, R.F., Zaveri, J.S., Zhan, M., Zhang, G., Zhao, Q., Zheng, L., Zheng, X.H., Zhong, F.N., Zhong, W., Zhou, X., Zhu, S., Zhu, X., Smith, H.O., Gibbs, R.A., Myers, E.W., Rubin, G.M., Venter, J.C. (2000) The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287, 2185–2195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bennett, M.D., Bhandol, P., Leitch, I.J. (2000) Nuclear DNA content amounts in angiosperms and their modern uses–807 new estimates. Annals of Botany 86, 859–909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J., Price, H.J., Johnston, J.S. (2003) Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (~100 Mb) and Drosophila (~175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be ~157 Mb and thus ~25% larger than the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative estimate of ~125 Mb. Annals of Botany 91, 547–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackman, R.L. & Cahill, M. (1998) The karyotype of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, 213–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J.K. & Bird, J. (1992) Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in the Americas and the Caribbean Basin: past and present. Plant Disease 76, 220–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J.K. & Czosnek, H. (2002) Whitefly-transmitted viruses. pp. 65–100in Plumb, R.T., Callow, J.A., (Eds) Advances in botanical research. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Brown, J.K., Frohlich, D.R., Rosell, R.C. (1995) The sweet potato or silverleaf whiteflies: biotypes of Bemisia tabaci or a species complex. Annual Review of Entomology 40, 511–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, H.S., Brown, J.K. (1991) Variation in biological characteristics and esterase patterns among populations of Bemisia tabaci, and the association of one population with silver leaf symptom induction. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 61, 211–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, H.S., Wescot, D.M., Ullman, D.E., Rosell, R., Brown, J.K., Johnson, M.W. (1995) Morphological variation in Bemisia endosymbionts. Protoplasma 189, 194–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galbraith, D.W., Harkins, K.R., Maddox, J.M., Ayres, N.M., Sharma, D.P. & Firoozabady, E. (1983) Rapid flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in intact plant tissues. Science 220, 1049–1051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galbraith, D.W., Dolezel, J., Lambert, G. & Macas, J. (1998) DNA and ploidy analyses in higher plants Current protocols in cytometry 1 – 22 Robinson J.P., et al. New York WileyGoogle Scholar
Gregory, T.R. (2001) Animal Genome Size Database. http://www.genomesize.comGoogle Scholar
Gregory, T.R., Hebert, P.D.N. (2003) Genome size variation in lepidopteran insects. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, 1399–1405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, R.A., Mani Subramanian, G., Halpern, A., Sutton, G.G., Charlab, R., Nusskern, D.R., Wincker, P., Clark, A.G., Ribeiro, J.M.C., Wides, R., Salzberg, S.L., Loftus, B., Yandell, M., Majoros, W.H., Rusch, D.B., Lai, Z., Kraft, C.L., Abrill, J.F., Anthouard, V., Arensburger, P., Atkinson, P.W., Baden, H., de, , Berardinis, V., Baldwin, D., Benes, V., Biedler, J., Blass, C., Bolanos, R., Boscus, D., Barnstead, M., Cai, S., Center, A., Chatuverdi, K., Christophides, G.K., Chrystal, M.A., Clamp, M., Cravchik, A., Curwen, V., Dana, A., Delcher, A., Dew, I., Evans, C.A., Flanigan, M., Grundschober-Freimoser, A., Friedli, L., Gu, Z., Guan, P., Guigo, I.R., Hillenmeyer, M.E., Hladun, S.L., Hogan, J.R., Hong, Y.S., Hoover, J., Jaillon, O., Ke, Z., Kodira, C., Kokoza, E., Koutsos, A., Letunic, I., Levitsky, A., Liang, Y., Lin, J.-J., Lobo, N.F., Lopez, J.R., Malek, J.A., McIntosh, T.C., Meister, S., Miller, J., Mobarry, C., Mongin, E., Murphy, S.D., O'Brochta, D.A., Pfannkoch, C., Qi, R., Regier, M.A., Remington, K., Shao, H., Sharakhova, M.V., Sitter, C.D., Jyoti, Shetty, Smith, T.J., Strong, R., Sun, J., Thomasova, D., Ton, L.Q., Topalis, P., Tu, Z., Unger, M.F., Walenz, B., Wang, A., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, X., Woodford, K.J., Wortman, J.R., Wu, M., Yao, A., Zdobnov, E.M., Zhang, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, S., Zhu, S.C., Zhimulev, I., Coluzzi, M., della Torre, A., Roth, C.W., Louis, C., Kalush, F., Mural, R.J., Myers, E.W., Adams, M.D., Smith, H.O., Broder, S., Gardner, M.J., Fraser, C.M., Birney, E., Bork, P., Brey, P.T., Venter, J.C., Weissenbach, J., Kafatos, F.C., Collins, F.H., Hoffman, S.L. (2002) The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science 298, 279CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, S.J., Bennett, M.D., Rayburn, A.L., Galbraith, D.W., Price, H.J. (1999) Reference standards for the determination of DNA content of plant nuclei. American Journal of Botany 86, 609–613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulligan, P.K., Rasch, E.M. (1980) The determination of genome size in male and female germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster by DNA-Feulgen cytophotometry. Histochemistry 66, 11–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rasch, E.M., Barr, H.J., Rasch, R.W. (1971) The DNA content of sperm of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 33, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vieira, C., Nardon, C., Arpin, C., Lepetit, D., Biémont, C. (2002) Evolution of genome size in Drosophila. Is the invader's genome being invaded by transposable elements. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19, 1154–1161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zchori-Fein, E., Brown, J.K. (2002) Diversity of prokaryotes associated with Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95, 711–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar