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Mechanisms of resistance to three mite growth inhibitors of Tetranychus urticae in hops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2017

A.W. Adesanya ,
M.A Morales ,
D.B. Walsh ,
L.C. Lavine ,
M.D. Lavine  and
F. Zhu
A.W. Adesanya
Affiliation:
Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
M.A Morales
Affiliation:
Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
D.B. Walsh
Affiliation:
Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
L.C. Lavine
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
M.D. Lavine
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
F. Zhu*
Affiliation:
Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: 509-335-0480 Fax: 509-335-1009 E-mail: fang.zhu@wsu.edu
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Abstract

Mite growth inhibitors (MGIs), such as etoxazole and hexythiazox, are valuable IPM tools for Tetranychus urticae control in hops due to their unique mode of action and selectivity. Hence, it is necessary to standardize bioassay methods to evaluate the efficacy of MGIs, monitor resistance, and identify mechanisms underlying MGI resistance in the field. Here, we developed a three-tiered approach for evaluating ovicidal toxicity of MGIs to T. urticae, which simulated different MGI exposure scenarios in the field. The most effective bioassay method was direct exposure of T. urticae eggs to MGIs. With this method, four field-collected T. urticae populations showed low-to-moderate resistance to MGIs. Cross-resistance among MGIs and from MGIs to bifenazate and bifenthrin was detected. Besides target site insensitivity, enhanced cytochrome P450 and esterase activities also contribute to the MGI resistance in hop yard-collected T. urticae populations. Low-to-moderate MGI resistance in T. urticae populations may be mediated by multiple mechanisms. Positive selection pressure on the I1017F mutation is moderate in field-collected T. urticae populations. Further studies are required to identify metabolic detoxification genes that confer resistance to MGIs for precise resistance monitoring.

Keywords

bioassaycross-resistancechitin synthase 1target-site insensitivitydetoxification enzymes
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 108 , Issue 1 , February 2018 , pp. 23 - 34
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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