Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T23:08:32.409Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Inter-seasonal population dynamics and pest status of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B in an Australian cropping system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2008

R.V. Sequeira ,
A. Shields ,
A. Moore  and
P. De Barro
R.V. Sequeira*
Affiliation:
Delivery, Plant Science, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Locked Bag 6, Emerald, Queensland, 4720Australia
A. Shields
Affiliation:
Delivery, Plant Science, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Locked Bag 6, Emerald, Queensland, 4720Australia
A. Moore
Affiliation:
Delivery, Plant Science, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Locked Bag 6, Emerald, Queensland, 4720Australia
P. De Barro
Affiliation:
CSIRO Entomology, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland4068, Australia
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: 07 4983 7459 E-mail: richard.sequeira@dpi.qld.gov.au
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci, biotype B, commonly known as the silverleaf whitefly (SLW) is an alien species that invaded Australia in the mid-90s. This paper reports on the invasion ecology of SLW and the factors that are likely to have contributed to the first outbreak of this major pest in an Australian cotton cropping system. Population dynamics of SLW within whitefly-susceptible crop (cotton and cucurbit) and non-crop vegetation (sowthistle, Sonchus spp.) components of the cropping system were investigated over four consecutive growing seasons (September–June) 2001/02–2004/05 in the Emerald Irrigation Area (EIA) of Queensland, Australia. Based on fixed geo-referenced sampling sites, variation in spatial and temporal abundance of SLW within each system component was quantified to provide baseline data for the development of ecologically sustainable pest management strategies. Parasitism of large (3rd and 4th instars) SLW nymphs by native aphelinid wasps was quantified to determine the potential for natural control of SLW populations. Following the initial outbreak in 2001/02, SLW abundance declined and stabilised over the next three seasons. The population dynamics of SLW is characterised by inter-seasonal population cycling between the non-crop (weed) and cotton components of the EIA cropping system. Cotton was the largest sink for and source of SLW during the study period. Over-wintering populations dispersed from weed host plant sources to cotton in spring followed by a reverse dispersal in late summer and autumn to broad-leaved crops and weeds. A basic spatial source-sink analysis showed that SLW adult and nymph densities were higher in cotton fields that were closer to over-wintering weed sources throughout spring than in fields that were further away. Cucurbit fields were not significant sources of SLW and did not appear to contribute significantly to the regional population dynamics of the pest. Substantial parasitism of nymphal stages throughout the study period indicates that native parasitoid species and other natural enemies are important sources of SLW mortality in Australian cotton production systems. Weather conditions and use of broad-spectrum insecticides for pest control are implicated in the initial outbreak and on-going pest status of SLW in the region.

Keywords

Bemisia tabacibiotype Bpopulation dynamicsfield ecology
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 99 , Issue 4 , August 2009 , pp. 325 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdelrahman, A.A. & Munir, B. (1989) Sudanese experience in integrated pest management of cotton. Insect Science & Applications 10, 787–794.Google Scholar
Blua, M.J., Perring, T.M., Nuessly, G.S., Duffus, J.E. & Toscano, N.C. (1994) Seasonal cropping pattern effects on abundance of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodiae) and incidence of lettuce infectious yellows virus. Environmental Entomology 23, 1422–1427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J.K., Frohlich, D.R. & Rosell, R.C. (1995) The sweetpotato or silverleaf whiteflies. Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci or a species complex. Annual Review of Entomology 40, 511–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, G.D., Henneberry, T.J. & Clayton, T.E. (1983) Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) development, oviposition and longevity in relation to temperature. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76, 310–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Barro, P.J. (1995) Bemisia tabaci biotype B: a review of its biology, distribution and control. 2nd edn.58 pp. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Technical Paper No. 36. CSIRO, Canberra.Google Scholar
De Barro, P.J. (2001) Silverleaf whitefly in Emerald: A Report to the Cotton Research and Development Corporation (CRDC). August 2001.Google Scholar
De Barro, P.J. (2002) Silverleaf whitefly in Emerald: Numbers are 33 times higher than in August 2001. A Report to the Cotton Research and Development Corporation (CRDC). August 2002.Google Scholar
De Barro, P.J. & Coombs, M.C.Post-release evaluation of Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich & Rose) in Australia. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, in press (doi 10.1017/S0007485308006445).Google Scholar
De Barro, P.J., Hart, P.J. & Morton, R. (2000) The biology of two Eretmocerus spp. (Haldeman) and three Encarsia spp. Forster and their potential as biological control agents of Bemisia tabaci biotype B in Australia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 94, 93–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devine, G.J., Ishaaya, I., Horowitz, A.R. & Denholm, I. (1998) Effects of piperonyl butoxide on Bemisia tabaci Genn (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): mortality, development, parasitism and predation in Israeli cotton fields. Crop Protection 17, 717–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellsworth, P.C. & Martinez-Carrillo, J.L. (2001) IPM for Bemisia tabaci: a case study from North America. Crop Protection 20, 853–869.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellsworth, P.C., Tronstad, R., Leser, J., Goodell, P.B., Godfrey, L.D., Henneberry, T.J., Headrix, D., Brushwood, D., Naranjo, S.E., Castle, S. & Nichols, R. (1999) Sticky cotton sources and solutions. The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension IPM Series No. 13.Google Scholar
Franzmann, B.A., Lea, D.R. & De Barro, P.J. (1998) The distribution and parasitism of biotypes of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in cotton areas of Queensland. pp. 461–463 in Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Cotton Conference, Broadbeach, Gold Coast, Queensland. Australian Cotton Growers Research Association, Brisbane.Google Scholar
Gerling, D., Alomar, Ó. & Arnó, J. (2001) Biological control of Bemisia tabaci using predators and parasitoids. Crop Protection 20, 779–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunning, R.V. & Cottage, E. (2000) The spread of B-Biotype Bemisia tabaci into Australian cotton. pp. 161–164, in Proceedings of the Tenth Australian Cotton Conference, Brisbane, Queensland. Australian Cotton Growers Research Association, Brisbane.Google Scholar
Gunning, R.V., Byrne, F.J., Condé, B.D., Connelly, M.I., Heegstrom, K. & Devonshire, A.L. (1995) First report of B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 34, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hector, D.J. & Hodkinson, I.D. (1989) Stickiness in Cotton. 43 pp. CAB International, Oxon.Google Scholar
Legaspi, B.C. Jr,, Legaspi, J.C., Carruthers, R.I., Goolsby, J., Hadman, J., Jones, W., Murden, D. & Wendel, L. (1997) Area-wide population dynamics of Silverleaf Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Journal of Entomological Science 32, 445–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, A.D., Sequeira, R.V. & Woodger, T.A. (2004) Susceptibility of crop plants to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-Biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Central Queensland, Australia. Australian Entomologist 31, 69–74.Google Scholar
Naranjo, S.E. (2001) Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci. Crop Protection 20, 835–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naranjo, S.E., Ellsworth, P.C. & Diehl, J.W. (1997) Sampling whiteflies in cotton: validation and analysis of enumerative and binomial plans. Environmental Entomology 26, 777–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliveira, M.R.V., Henneberry, T.J. & Anderson, P. (2001) History, current status and collaborative research projects for Bemisia tabaci. Crop Protection 20, 709–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palumbo, J.C., Horowitz, A.R. & Prabhaker, N. (2001) Insecticidal control and resistance management for Bemisia tabaci. Crop Protection 20, 739–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, D.A. & Bellows, T.S. Jr, (1992) Preimaginal development and survival of Bemisia tabaci on cotton and cucumber. Environmental Entomology 21, 359–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, S., Nauman, I.D. & De Barro, P.J. (2001) Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of Australia and the Pacific Islands attacking Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) – a pictorial key and descriptions of four new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 91, 369–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmons, A.M. & Jackson, D.M. (2000) Evaluation of foliar-applied insecticides on abundance of parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in vegetables. Journal of Entomological Science 35, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, T.L. (1993) Temperature-dependent development of sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype ‘B’. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference 2, 714–718.Google Scholar
Zar, J.H. (1998) Biostatistical Analysis. 4th edn.663 pp. Prentice Hall.Google Scholar