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Disturbance induced dynamics of a tritrophic novel ecosystem

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

K.T. Lakatos ,
Z. László  and
B. Tóthmérész
K.T. Lakatos
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032, Hungary
Z. László*
Affiliation:
Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Clinicilor nr. 5–7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
B. Tóthmérész
Affiliation:
MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032, Hungary
*
*Author for correspondence Tel: 0742 496 330 Fax: 0264 431 858 Email: laszlozoltan@gmail.com
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Abstract

Novel ecosystems formed by invasive plants provide a good opportunity to get insight into early dynamics and pattern formation of these ecosystems. The invasive black locust as host plant, Bruchophagus robiniae as host-specific seed predator and its parasitoids were the components of the studied tritrophic system. To investigate disturbance-driven dynamics of this system we created seed-vacated host plant patches in a field experiment. We removed all pods from selected patches of black locust resulting in an induced local extinction of seed predators and their parasitoids. We hypothesized that disturbance enhances top-down control by parasitoids; this enhanced top-down control decreases seed predation, facilitating the host plant's spread. We found that disturbance modified only parasitism after controlling with year effect: in vacated patches median parasitism was higher than in control patches. Seed predation exceeded its initial level in vacated patches in the third year after the disturbance, but in the fourth year it dropped again presumably due to the strong top-down control. Our findings also suggested that the seed predator was also affected by the bottom-up control of its host plant's density. We found that in the studied new ecosystem the top-down control was strengthened by the disturbance. Since the host plant of the tritrophic system is an invasive species, partial habitat disturbance of such species may increase the severity of parasitoid top-down control, which may reduce seed predation by the herbivores.

Keywords

black locustinvasive speciesfield experimenthost–parasitoid dynamicsseed predatorsvacated host plant patches
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 108 , Issue 2 , April 2018 , pp. 158 - 165
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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