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Cornicle secretions by Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) result in age-dependent costs and improved host suitability for Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2017

Y. Parvizi ,
A. Rasekh  and
J.P. Michaud
Y. Parvizi
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
A. Rasekh*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
J.P. Michaud
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601, USA
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +98 91 2660 3166 Fax: +98 61 3333 0079 E-mail: a.rasekh@scu.ac.ir
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Abstract

We examined the life history consequences of cornicle secretion by Aphis fabae Scopoli in second and fourth instars, and its effects on host suitability for its parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall). Cornicle secretion did not affect aphid fecundity, but secretion in the second instar enhanced life table parameters, whereas secretion in the fourth instar affected them negatively, suggesting a higher cost of secretion in later instars. Secretion in either instar improved host suitability for L. fabarum. Although control and treated aphids were parasitized at similar rates, and with similar success, wasps developed faster and emerged as larger adults in aphids that had secreted, regardless of instar. Transgenerational effects were also evident. Progeny emergence was higher when parental wasps developed in fourth instars than in seconds, whether aphids secreted or not, and progeny were larger when parental hosts secreted in the second instar, but not in the fourth. Secreting fourth instars were preferred to controls by L. fabarum females in choice tests, but not secreting second instars, and fourth-instar secretion improved wasp emergence. When control aphids were attacked, second instars were more likely to secrete than fourth instars, whereas the latter were more likely to kick the parasitoid. Cornicle secretion reduced the probability of subsequent secretion events and the frequency of other aphid defensive behaviors, indicating energetic tradeoffs among defensive tactics. Overall, our results revealed that cornicle secretion by immature A. fabae exacts both physiological and behavioral costs and results in improved host suitability for its parasitoid.

Keywords

body sizedevelopmentlife tableLysiphlebus fabarumparasitism
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 108 , Issue 5 , October 2018 , pp. 685 - 693
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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