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Biology of Phlebotomus sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in two contrasting leishmaniasis foci of south-west Saudi Arabia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

M. A. Al-Zahrani ,
R. P. Lane ,
I. Ching Chin ,
M. A. Asiry  and
W. Peters
M. A. Al-Zahrani
Affiliation:
Ministry of Health, PO Box 59818, Riyadh 11535, Saudi Arabia
R. P. Lane*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
I. Ching Chin
Affiliation:
Leishmaniasis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
M. A. Asiry
Affiliation:
Leishmaniasis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
W. Peters
Affiliation:
International Institute of Parasitology, 395A Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts, AL4 0XU, UK
*
* Author for correspondence.
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Abstract

In south-west Saudi Arabia two forms of leishmaniasis occur. Visceral disease (VL) due to Leishmania infantum affects humans (mainly infants) in lowland areas and cutaneous disease (CL) due to L. tropica affects a broader age group in highland areas. Leishmania infantum is common in dogs and may occasionally infect man. Longitudinal sampling of sandflies in two foci with matched sticky and light traps inside and outside houses demonstrated that, although the species composition was very similar, the dominant species in the highlands (Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot) was different from that in the lowlands (P. bergeroti Parrot). In both habitats there was a marked seasonal variation in abundance, peak levels in the lowlands preceding the highlands, as did sandfly numbers inside houses compared to outside houses.

Phlebotomus sergenti were found infected with L. tropica in June and July which, together with its endophilic behaviour, incriminated this species as the vector of cutaneous disease. The vector of visceral disease in humans is suspected to be either P. alexandri Sinton or P. orientalis Parrot, but not P. arabicus Theodor as previously suggested.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 87 , Issue 3 , June 1997 , pp. 221 - 230
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

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